Wednesday, April 30, 2008

[EQ] Global trends in emerging infectious diseases

Global trends in emerging infectious diseases

Kate E. Jones1, Nikkita G. Patel2, Marc A. Levy3, Adam Storeygard3,5, Deborah Balk3,5, John L. Gittleman4 & Peter Daszak2

1.Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London,  UK
2.Consortium for Conservation Medicine, Wildlife Trust, New York, USA
3.Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York  USA
4.Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia,  USA
5. Present addresses: Department of Economics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA (A.S.); School of Public Affairs, Baruch College, City
University of New York

Nature, 21 Feb. 2008, 451, pp. 990-993.

“….Resources to Counter Infectious Diseases Poorly Allocated, Study Shows. …”

Available online at: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v451/n7181/full/nature06536.html

“…..Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a significant burden on global economies and public health1, 2, 3. Their emergence is thought to be driven largely by socio-economic, environmental and ecological factors1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, but no comparative study has explicitly analysed these linkages to understand global temporal and spatial patterns of EIDs. Here we analyse a database of 335 EID 'events' (origins of EIDs) between 1940 and 2004, and demonstrate non-random global patterns. EID events have risen significantly over time after controlling for reporting bias, with their peak incidence (in the 1980s) concomitant with the HIV pandemic.

 

EID events are dominated by zoonoses (60.3% of EIDs): the majority of these (71.8%) originate in wildlife (for example, severe acute respiratory virus, Ebola virus), and are increasing significantly over time. We find that 54.3% of EID events are caused by bacteria or rickettsia, reflecting a large number of drug-resistant microbes in our database. Our results confirm that EID origins are significantly correlated with socio-economic, environmental and ecological factors, and provide a basis for identifying regions where new EIDs are most likely to originate (emerging disease 'hotspots').

 

They also reveal a substantial risk of wildlife zoonotic and vector-borne EIDs originating at lower latitudes where reporting effort is low. We conclude that global resources to counter disease emergence are poorly allocated, with the majority of the scientific and surveillance effort focused on countries from where the next important EID is least likely to originate….”

 

 

 

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[EQ] The U.S. Commitment to Global Health

The U.S. Commitment to Global Health


Institute of Medicine, March , 2008

 

Website: http://www.iom.edu/?ID=51303

 

“….The Institute of Medicine’s Board on Global Health is organizing a 14-month consensus study to examine and articulate the case for why multiple agencies from government and the private sector in the U.S. should make a deeper commitment to global health. This study aspires to be a broader and more complete exploration of the subject than the 1997 IOM report, America’s Vital Interest in Global Health.

 

The first meeting of the Committee on the U.S. Commitment to Global Health was held on March 24, 2008. The meeting was open to the public and included presentations from the study sponsors and other eminent figures in global health. Speaker presentations and audio files can be accessed through the links below….”

 

COMMITTEE ON THE U.S. COMMITMENT TO GLOBAL HEALTH

SCHEDULED PROGRAM


Welcome
Ambassador Thomas R. Pickering, Co-Chair

Dr. Harold E. Varmus, Co-Chair


Opening Addresses
Dr. Elias A. Zerhouni, Director, U.S. National Institutes of Health

Dr. Paula J. Dobriansky, Under Secretary of State for Democracy and Global Affairs, U.S. Department of State


Open Discussion
Dr. Roger I. Glass Committee Charge Director, Fogarty International Center, U.S. National Institutes of Health with Sponsors
Ambassador Don Mahley Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Threat Reduction, Export  Sponsor Controls, and Negotiations (ISN/TRECN) , U.S. Department of State

Dr. Ariel Pablos-Mendez Managing Director, Rockefeller Foundation


Q & A
Dr. Mark Feinberg Vice President, Medical Affairs and Policy, Merck Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc.

Mr. William H. Lyerly, Jr. Director of International Affairs, Special Assistant for Global Health Security to the Assistant Secretary for Health Affairs, U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Ms. Alison Kelly, Chief for Strategy and Innovation, Coordinating Office for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Mr. Todd Summers Senior Program Officer for Global Health Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation


Panel Presentations
Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg, moderator President, Institute of Medicine

Ambassador Mark R. Dybul, Global AIDS Coordinator, U.S. Department of State

Ms. Laurie Garrett, Senior Fellow for Global Health, Council on Foreign Relations

Dr. Alfred Sommer Professor, Dean Emeritus, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

 

Concluding remarks by Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, Director, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health

 

 

Resources & Links

 

Meeting Agenda

Audio - EZerhouni

Audio - RGlass

Audio - DMahley

Audio - APablos-Mendez

Audio - MFeinberg

Audio - WLyerly

Audio - AKelly

Audio - TSummers

Sponsor Q&A

Audio - MDybul

Audio - LGarrett

Audio - ASommer

Audio - AFauci

Panel Q&A

Presentation - RGlass

Presentation - APablo-Mendez

Presentation - WLyerly

Presentation - AKelly

Presentation - MDybul

Presentation - LGarrett

Presentation - ASommer

Presentation - AFauci

 

 

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Tuesday, April 29, 2008

[EQ] Pandemic Influenza Planning in the United States from a Health Disparities Perspective

Pandemic Influenza Planning in the United States from a Health Disparities Perspective

Philip Blumenshine,*1 Arthur Reingold,† Susan Egerter,‡ Robin Mockenhaupt,§ Paula Braveman,‡
and James Marks§

*Weill/Cornell Medical College, Ithaca, New York, USA; †University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; ‡University of California,
San Francisco, California, USA;  and §Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
Emerging  Infection Diseases -  Volume 14, Number 5 –May 2008

Available online at: http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/14/5/709.htm

 "…..We explored how different socioeconomic and racial/ethnic groups in the United States might fare in an influenza pandemic on the basis of social factors that shape exposure, vulnerability to influenza virus, and timeliness and adequacy of treatment.

We discuss policies that might differentially affect social groups' risk for illness or death. Our purpose is not to establish the precise magnitude of disparities likely to occur; rather, it is to call attention to avoidable disparities that can be expected in the absence of systematic attention to differential social risks in pandemic preparedness plans. Policy makers at the federal, state, and local levels should consider potential sources of socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities during a pandemic and formulate specific plans to minimize these disparities…."

 

Public Response to Community Mitigation Measures for Pandemic Influenza

Robert J. Blendon,* Lisa M. Koonin,† John M. Benson,* Martin S. Cetron,† William E. Pollard,† Elizabeth W. Mitchell,
† Kathleen J. Weldon,* and Melissa J. Herrmann‡

*Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; †Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and
‡International Communications Research, Media, Pennsylvania, USA
Emerging  Infection Diseases -  Volume 14, Number 5 –May 2008

Available online at: http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/14/5/778.htm

"……We report the results of a national survey conducted to help public health officials understand the public's response to community mitigation interventions for a severe outbreak of pandemic influenza. Survey results suggest that if community mitigation measures are instituted, most respondents would comply with recommendations but would be challenged to do so if their income or job were severely compromised.

 

The results also indicate that community mitigation measures could cause problems for persons with lower incomes and for racial and ethnic minorities. Twenty-four percent of respondents said that they would not have anyone available to take care of them if they became sick with pandemic influenza. Given these results, planning and public engagement will be needed to encourage the public to be prepared…"

 

 

 

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[EQ] Improving the Health of Canadians: Mental Health, Delinquency and Criminal Activity

Improving the Health of Canadians: Mental Health, Delinquency and Criminal Activity

The Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), April 29, 2008

Website: http://secure.cihi.ca/cihiweb/dispPage.jsp?cw_page=PG_1250_E&cw_topic=1250&cw_rel=AR_1730_E

PDF French version [87p.] at: CPHI_2008_MH and Crime Report_Final_f.pdf

               PDF English version [87p.] at: CPHI_2008_MH and Crime Report_Final_e.pdf

“….The pathways linking mental health, delinquency and criminal activity are interrelated. Mental health can be influenced by various individual, social, cultural, physical and socio-economic determinants. These factors can, in isolation or combination, be related to delinquency and criminal activity. Among youth, for example, research shows that various factors related to mental health within the individual, family, school/peer and community setting are linked to youth's risk of engaging in aggressive behaviour and delinquency.

Research also shows that youth involved with the criminal justice system are at high risk for compromised mental health, mental illness, suicide and addictions. A similar pattern is seen among incarcerated adults. Further, in some cases, mental health issues can precede criminal activity; in others, they may develop or worsen with continued criminal involvement and for some, with incarceration.

The report provides an overview of the latest research, analyses and policy initiatives related to mental health, delinquency and criminal activity. It also presents data on the characteristics of and issues facing individuals with a mental illness who were or are involved with the criminal justice system.

Purpose of Report: Examines the links between mental health, delinquency, criminal activity and their various determinants

Section One: Looks at what mental health–related factors at the individual, family, school/peer and community levels are risk factors for or protective factors against delinquency among youth

Section Two: Looks at people with a mental illness who were or are involved with the criminal justice system (that is, in a mental health bed with a criminal history or in a correctional facility with a mental illness)

Download by Section

·         Introduction 239 KB

·         Section One 445 KB

·         Section Two 335 KB

·         Conclusions 373 KB

PPT file Presentation

 

 

 

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[EQ] Deadline essay competition 2008 extended until 15 May 2008 - Climate change and health - The Global Forum for Health Research - The Lancet

 

Date: 29 Apr 2008 
From: announcements@globalforumhealth.org

Deadline essay competition 2008 extended until 15 May 2008, midnight GMT.

The Global Forum for Health Research and The Lancet announce their third joint essay competition for the under-30s on the theme 'Climate change and health: research challenges for vulnerable populations'.

For submission criteria and instructions, please visit:

http://www.globalforumhealth.org/shlinks/yvhr2008.php

      -------------------

 

Young voices in research for health

The Global Forum for Health Research and The Lancet

 

Theme: Climate change and health: research challenges for vulnerable populations


The deadline for receipt of entries is 30 April 2008

 

Website: http://www.globalforumhealth.org/Site/005__Get%20involved/009__Essay%20Competition/003__Home.php

 

Rules and guidelines

· Authors must have been born on or after 1 January 1978.

· Each author may submit one essay only.

· Essays may be submitted in English or French and should be 1500 words maximum.

· Essays must be based on the author’s own ideas and not be derived from another source.

· Essays must not have been previously published.

· Entries are individual (i.e., the work of a single author).

· They should include original, even provocative ideas and not be technical or academic texts: tables, charts and
   figures are probably not necessary; references should be limited.

· Authors are free to be idealistic, passionate, to take established practices to task, albeit in a constructive fashion.

· Within the context of research for health, the theme allows authors to include any aspect that interests them particularly
  for example, extreme weather, natural disasters, fuels and energy, transport, water management, vectors, food production,
  demographics, urban planning, security.

 

Deadlines

· The deadline for receipt of entries is 30 April 2008.

· A shortlist will be announced by the end of June.
  Shortlisted authors will be asked to provide a high quality photograph and to confirm original authorship and date of birth.

· The winners will be notified by the beginning of August 2008. The judges’ decision will be final.

 

Prizes

· A selection of shortlisted essays will be published in an anthology as well as on the Global Forum and Lancet websites.

· Winners will be invited to take part (with all expenses paid) in the Global Ministerial Forum on Research for Health,
   which will take place in Bamako, Mali, from 17 to 19 November 2008.


Staff members of the Global Forum or of the Lancet or their immediate families are ineligible to enter the competition, as are authors of shortlisted essays published in 2006 and 2007.

 

For any questions, please contact susan.jupp@globalforumhealth.org or f.mclellan@elsevier.com

Susan Jupp Head, External Relations - Global Forum for Health Research
1-5 route des Morillons, PO Box 2100
1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland
www.globalforumhealth.org T + 41 22 791 3450 F + 41 22 791 4394

 

 

 

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Monday, April 28, 2008

[EQ] Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Job Announcement

From: SEAN P. LASSITER [mailto:seanpl@u.washington.edu]

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation – Post-Graduate Fellowship announcement

 

Post-Graduate Fellowship at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation

 

Call for applications at: http://www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org/you/ops.html

 

“….The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington is accepting applications for the Post-Graduate Fellowship program.

The vision of IHME is to make available high-quality information on population health, its determinants, and the performance of health systems for all countries.

 

We seek to achieve this directly, by catalyzing the work of others and by training researchers and policy makers. Our goal is to improve the health of the world’s populations by providing the best information.

 

The IHME Post-Graduate Fellowship Program provides a unique opportunity for individuals with graduate-level training and a strong quantitative background to conduct in-depth, methodological research on a variety of global health topics with the mentorship of faculty and senior researchers. Through research, training workshops and mentorship, the program is intended to enhance the analytical skills of future academics and professional leaders in the field of global health measurement and evaluation.

 

Post-Graduate Fellows will contribute directly to the overall research agenda of IHME and will be involved in all aspects of projects including analyzing and synthesizing existing data, catalyzing new data collection, building statistical models and validating new analytical methods, interpreting of findings, and reporting and disseminating results.

 

Post-Graduate Fellows will be involved in research in one of five key areas of work: health outcomes, health services, resource inputs, evaluations and decision analytics.

 

Examples of ongoing research projects in these areas are listed below.

 

Health outcomes:

• Estimation of child mortality levels for each country since 1970, forecasted 10 years into the future and updated every six months.

• Development and testing of new methods for estimating adult mortality and estimation of levels for each country.

• Assessment of major causes of death for each country every three years.

• Development of cross-country comparable methods for the estimation of healthy life expectancy, including methods to arrive at valuations of health states.

• Estimation of the global burden of disease for 1990 and 2005.

 

Health services:

• Measurement of the effective coverage of the twenty most important health improving technologies by country every year, with the selection of priority interventions varying by regional epidemiology.

• Estimation of the quality of inpatient and outpatient care, including the development and refinement of standardized methods for undertaking risk adjusted outcomes measurement.

 

Resource inputs:

• Annual assessment from 1990 to 2006 of resource flows for global health, including an estimation of the gap between commitment and disbursement.

• Systematic review of the quality of available data on public expenditures on health.

• Estimation of household health expenditures and proportion of households that incur catastrophic health payments.

• Landscape analysis of sources of data and methods for tracking human resources for health.

 

Decision Analytics:

• Measurement of the costs and benefits of health interventions, service delivery platforms and research and development in order to guide resource allocation

decisions.

• Development of statistical models for missing data, internally consistent epidemiological parameter estimation and forecasting.

• Measurement of within- and across-country inequalities in coverage, health outcomes and health expenditures.

• Development of methods for local area estimation of health outcomes and coverage.

• Assessment of statistical methods for analyzing program effectiveness in nonrandomized settings.

 

Evaluations:

• Development of guidelines for prospective impact evaluation.

• Impact evaluation of global health initiatives and strategies.

• Assessment of the performance of national health systems for countries with sufficient data.

• Evaluations of selected national health system reforms.

 

Post-Graduate Fellowships are appointed at IHME for one year with the possibility of renewal for a second year upon mutual agreement. PGFs receive full salary and benefits. The salary is $45,000 during the first year and $48,000 during the second year of the fellowship. Fellowships begin on September 1 and February 1 of each year.

 

Qualifications

In order to be considered for a Post-Graduate Fellowship, candidates must have the following:

• MD or PhD in the fields of quantitative methodology, statistics, health economics, health policy, demography, epidemiology, biostatistics,
  health services or other related field. Candidates with an MSc/MPH degree and at least three years of related research experience will also be considered.

• Strong quantitative background.

• Research experience, especially with data analysis and statistical methods.

• Proficiency in the English language.

 

When and how to apply

Fall cohort: Applications must be received by June 1. Interviews with selected applicants will occur in June or early July. Candidates will be notified in July and will begin the fellowship on September 1.

Winter cohort: Applications must be received by September 1. Interviews with selected applicants will occur in September. Candidates will be notified in October and will begin the fellowship on February 1.

 

All application materials must be received at IHME by the deadlines stated.

 

Application requirements

One copy of the following non-returnable materials must be submitted to IHME.

1. A cover letter. Please ensure that your cover letter includes:

• your full contact information (address, phone number and email),

• the name, affiliation and full contact information of three references,

• which cohort you wish to be considered for (Fall or Winter),

• which of IHME’s five areas of work you are most interested in,

• how you became aware of the program.

2. Curriculum Vitae or Resume

3. Personal statement describing your interest in IHME and your professional and academic interests and objectives. Please explain how participation in this program would advance these objectives and contribute to the goal of IHME.

Refer to the specific area of work that you are most interested in and discuss how your background qualifies you to contribute to IHME’s research agenda in this area. Please limit this statement to 1000 words.

4. Three sealed letters of recommendation which address the quality and originality of your work, and your potential for an academic, research or policy career.

5. Educational transcript from your highest degree attained. If your transcripts are not in English, please also provide a listing of all coursework with grade and

credit hour information.

6. One reprint of your most significant research paper, including a description of your role in the research. If the paper is not in English, please provide an English

translation.

 

7. Proof of proficiency in English for candidates whose native language is not English. Candidates who have completed a degree wholly in English can provide a copy of their degree as proof of proficiency. All other candidates should send a copy of their scores in an approved English Language Test. Details of the English tests accepted by IHME are as follows:
(i) Princeton Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) – for the paper-based test, minimum overall score of at 600 including a minimum score of 5.0 in the test of written English; for the computer based test, minimum overall score of at least 250 including a minimum score of 5.0 in the test of written English; for the internet-based test, a minimum overall score of at least 100 including a minimum score of 24 in the test of written English.
(ii) British Council International English Language Testing System (IELTS) - a minimum score of 7.0 overall, including a minimum score of 7.0 in the written component.

 

Complete applications should be mailed to:

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation

Attention: Post-Graduate Fellowship Program

2301 5th Avenue, Suite 600 Seattle, WA 98121 USA

For more information, please contact us by email at: pgf@healthmetricsandevaluation.org

 

Sean Lassiter - Education and Training Project Officer - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation

University of Washington (206) 897-2832 seanpl@u.washington.edu

 

 

 

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