[EQ] In Spanish: La Formaci=?utf-8?Q?=C3=B3n_e_n_Medicina_Orientada_hacia_la_At_enci=C3=B3n?= Primaria de Salud

La Formación en Medicina Orientada hacia la Atención Primaria de Salud

 

Rosa María Borrel,  Charles Godue,. Marcelo García Dieguez

Serie la Renovación de la Atención Primaria de Salud en las Américas. No. 2

Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2008

 

Disponible en PDF [78p.] en: http://www.lachealthsys.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=495&Itemid=

 

"….El propósito de esta publicación es contribuir con los Estados Miembros y las escuelas de medicina a buscar caminos conjuntos que permitan fortalecer las capacidades de los futuros médicos para comprender mejor su papel frente a las necesidades crecientes de la gente y contribuir con el desarrollo de los sistemas de salud basados en la Atención Primaria de Salud"….

 

"…..Objetivos:

·         Analizar en profundidad la situación de la formación de los médicos a través de la reflexión entre los países.

·         Discutir y compartir experiencias de buenas prácticas que muestren avances, logros y dificultades en la construcción de nuevos esfuerzos de formación de médicos basados en APS.

·         Generar una red de intercambio entre los países que permita el fortalecimiento de los procesos de cambio.

·         Establecer estrategias de trabajo y documentos que contribuyan con los países a encontrar caminos adecuados para el cambio…."

 

 

Contenido:

1. Introducción

1.1. ¿Por qué esta propuesta ahora?

1.2. El punto de partida: la renovación de la Atención Primaria de Salud

1.3. Los desafíos y metas en el desarrollo de los Recursos Humanos de Salud

1.4. Las distintas miradas de la formación médica en relación al modelo de Atención Primaria de Salud

2. Antecedentes de la educación médica con enfoque de Atención Primaria de Salud

2.1. Enfoques educacionales

2.2. Elección de Atención Primaria como orientación

3. Consulta con algunas escuelas de medicina del continente: debates fundamentales

3.1. Síntesis de los cuestionarios

3.2. Conceptos centrales de las presentaciones

3.3. Discusión en grupos y recomendaciones generales

4. Propuesta de trabajo

 

 

 

 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
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"Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
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[EQ] Limitations of methods for measuring out-of-pocket and catastrophic private health expenditures

Limitations of methods for measuring out-of-pocket and catastrophic private health expenditures

Chunling Lu, Brian Chin, Guohong Li & Christopher JL Murray
a Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America (USA).
b Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
c School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
d Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization (BLT) Volume 87, Number 3, March 2009

Available online PDF [11p.]  at:  http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/87/3/08-054379.pdf

“…..Valid, reliable and comparable information on national and international resource inputs for health is critical for developing health policies, managing programme implementation and evaluating efficiency and performance. Out-of-pocket payments incurred by households for medical services received (excluding transportation spending and insurance payments and reimbursements) are estimated to account for 23% of total global health expenditure and 45% of health expenditure in the developing world….”

Objective
To investigate the effect of survey design, specifically the number of items and recall period, on estimates of household out-of-pocket and catastrophic expenditure on health.

Methods
We used results from two surveys – the World Health Survey and the Living Standards Measurement Study – that asked the same respondents about health expenditures in different ways. Data from the World Health Survey were used to compare estimates of average annual out-of-pocket spending on health care derived from a single-item and from an eight-item measure. This was done by calculating the ratio of the average obtained with the single-item measure to that obtained with the eight-item measure. Estimates of catastrophic spending from the two measures were also compared. Data from the Living Standards Measurement Study from three countries (Bulgaria, Jamaica and Nepal) with different recall periods and varying numbers of items in different modules were used to compare estimates of average annual out-of-pocket spending derived using various methods.

Findings
In most countries, a lower level of disaggregation (i.e. fewer items) gave a lower estimate for average health spending, and a shorter recall period yielded a larger estimate. However, when the effects of aggregation and recall period are combined, it is difficult to predict which of the two has the greater influence.

Conclusion
The magnitude of both out-of-pocket and catastrophic spending on health is affected by the choice of recall period and the number of items. Thus, it is crucial to establish a method to generate valid, reliable and comparable information on private health spending.

 

*      *      *     *

This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
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PAHO/WHO Website: http://66.101.212.219/equity/

Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html

 

 

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.  

[EQ] Systematic reviews in public health - Evidence for public health decision-making: towards reliable synthesis

Systematic reviews in public health: old chestnuts and new challenges

Mark Petticrew

Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London England.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization (BLT) Volume 87, Number 3, March 2009

Full article text [HTML] | Full article text [pdf 90kb]

 

“…..Evidence on interventions to improve public health is in short supply, partic­ularly evidence on social determinants. Systematic reviewers therefore face a real challenge in making best use of the sometimes poor, often sparse and usu­ally heterogeneous evidence available to them. It is easy to set narrow inclu­sion criteria for a review and then sift through the evidence before conclud­ing that there isn’t enough – and what there is, isn’t very good anyway. Such “evidential nihilism” is probably not helpful to decision-makers, and public health systematic reviewers need to continue to develop new methods and better frameworks within which differ­ent types of research evidence can be integrated to inform decision-making….”

 

Evidence for public health decision-making: towards reliable synthesis

Elizabeth Waters

McCaughey Centre, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
Bulletin of the World Health Organization (BLT) Volume 87, Number 3, March 2009

Full article text [HTML] | Full article text [pdf 130kb]

 

“…..Public health decision-makers are often overwhelmed with large quantities of data, evidence, reviews and sum­maries. As the volume of information increases, the need for trusted sources of synthesis becomes greater.1

If we recognize the need for good methods of summarizing research that address policy makers’ information needs in a reliable and timely manner, then how do we agree on what those methods are? …”

 

 

*      *      *     *

This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PAHO/WHO Website: http://66.101.212.219/equity/

Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html

 

 

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.