Health Equity: 07/20/11

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

[EQ] Equity, social determinants and public health programmes

Equity, social determinants and public health programmes

Edited by Erik Blas and Anand Sivasankara Kurup 2010, 300 pages
ISBN 978 92 4 156397 0
World Health Organization 2010

Available online PDF [300p] at: http://bit.ly/cv95bR

“…This book is a collection of analyses of the social determinants of health that impact on specific health conditions. Stemming from the recommendations of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, promising interventions to improve health equity are presented for the areas of: alcohol-related disorders, cardiovascular diseases, child health and nutrition, diabetes, food safety, maternal health, mental health, neglected tropical diseases, oral health, pregnancy outcomes, tobacco and health, tuberculosis, and violence and injuries.

The book was commissioned by the Department of Ethics, Equity, Trade and Human Rights as part of the work undertaken by the Priority Public Health Conditions Knowledge Network of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, in collaboration with 16 of the major public health programmes of WHO. In addition to this, through collaboration with the Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, and the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, 13 case studies were commissioned to examine the implementation challenges in addressing social determinants of health in low-and middle-income settings….”

To know more about the work of WHO on social determinants of health, please visit: www.who.int/social_determinants/en

Table of Contents

Acknowledgement
Foreword

Chapter 1       Introduction and methods of work - Erik Blas and Anand Sivasankara Kurup
Chapter 2       Alcohol: equity and social determinants - Laura A. Schmidt, Pia Mäkelä, Jürgen Rehm and Robin Room
Chapter 3      Cardiovascular disease: equity and social determinants - Shanthi Mendis and A Banerjee
Chapter 4       Health and nutrition of children: equity and social determinants
                     Fernando C. Barros, Cesar G. Victora, Robert W. Scherpbier, and, Davidson Gwatkin
Chapter 5       Diabetes: equity and social Determinants - David Whiting, Nigel Unwin, and Gojka Roglic
Chapter 6       Food safety: equity and social determinants - Jean-Louis Jouve, Jens Aaagaard-Hansen and Awa Aidara-Kane
Chapter 7       Mental disorders: equity and social determinants
                     Vikram Patel, Crick Lund, Sean Hatherill, Sophie Plagerson, Joanne Corrigall, Michelle Funk, and, Alan J. Flisher
Chapter 8       Inequity and Social Determinants of Neglected Tropical Diseases - Jens Aagaard-Hansen and Claire-Lise Chaignat
Chapter 9       Oral health: equity and social determinants - Stella Kwan and Poul Erik Petersen
Chapter 10      Unintended pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: equity and social determinants
                      Shawn Malarcher, LG Olson and Norman Hearst
Chapter 11      Tobacco use: equity and social determinants
                       Annette David, Katharine Esson , Anne-Marie Perucic and Christopher Fitzpatrick
Chapter 12      Tuberculosis: the role of risk factors and social determinants
                       Knut Lönnroth, Ernesto Jaramillo, Brian Williams, Chris Dye, and Mario Raviglione
Chapter 13      Violence and unintentional injury: equity and social determinants - Helen Roberts and David Meddings
Chapter 14      Synergy for equity - Erik Blas and Anand Sivasankara Kurup

Anand Sivasankara Kurup Technical Officer -Department of Ethics, Equity, Trade and Human Rights
Information, Evidence and Research Cluster - World Health Organization

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health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
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[EQ] Shared Health Governance

Shared Health Governance

Jennifer Prah Ruger -Yale University - School of Medicine

American Journal of Bioethics, July, Volume 11, Number 7, 2011

Website: http://bit.ly/raUM88

“….Health and Social Justice (Ruger 2009a) developed the “health capability paradigm,” a conception of justice and health in domestic societies.
This idea undergirds an alternative framework of social cooperation called “shared health governance” (SHG). SHG puts forth a set of moral responsibilities, motivational aspirations, and institutional arrangements, and apportions roles for implementation in striving for health justice.
This article develops further the shared health governance SHG framework and explains its importance and implications …”

“……….It is a daunting challenge to allocate responsibility, resources, and sovereignty to create conditions where all have the ability to be healthy. Some will object to shared health governance SHG on the account that its conditions are too onerous and arguably implausible. Despite objections, shared health governance offers a promising new way forward….”

Table of Contents: American Journal of Bioethics 2011; 11(7)

Shared Health Governance
by Jennifer Prah Ruger AJOB 2011; 11(7):32-45

Open Peer Commentary

Health Governance Utopia
by Greg Bognar AJOB 2011; 11(7):46 FULL TEXT

Shared Health Governance and the Problem of Stability
by Andrew Courtwright AJOB 2011; 11(7):47 FULL TEXT

Internalized Public Moral Norms and Shared Sovereignty
by Yashar Saghai AJOB 2011; 11(7):49 FULL TEXT

Developing a Healthy State of Cooperation
by Sam Berger AJOB 2011; 11(7):51 FULL TEXT

Responsibility and Foundational Material COnditions
by Christopher A. Riddle AJOB 2011; 11(7):53 FULL TEXT

Monitoring Shared Health Governance
by Dale Murray AJOB 2011; 11(7):55 FULL TEXT

Shared Health Governance: The Potential Danger of Oppressive "Healthism"
by Stacy M Carter, Vikki Ann Entwistle, Kirsten McCaffery, Lucie Rychetnik
AJOB 2011; 11(7):57 FULL TEXT

Responses to Peer Commentaries on 'Shared Health Governance'," American Journal of Bioethics, 2011; 11(7):W1-W3.

http://bit.ly/pc8uI7

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“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
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[EQ] Global Health Interventions: A Review of the Evidence

Global Health Interventions: A Review of the Evidence

University of California San Francisco and the Kaiser Family Foundation, 2011

Website: http://bit.ly/pWCmtJ

Background Methodology http://bit.ly/nVmXOL

Glossary http://bit.ly/q2Vwhz

….. An effort to provide policy-relevant and accessible information on the efficacy (the "what works") of key global health interventions, including the strength of the evidence.

It is a web-based tool that summarizes findings for a range of prevention and treatment interventions designed to reduce the risk of death and disease in the developing world. Information is presented by health condition and in several formats, including a narrative overview, a key findings table, and a logic model…”

The primary goal is to translate empirical evidence on the effects of interventions into a quantitative synthesis that is technically accurate while being concise and accessible to non-technical audiences. Global Health Interventions: It examines both prevention and treatment for each health condition, with a particular focus on data with the most potential relevance for policy and an emphasis on health outcomes (e.g., deaths and disease incidence) over process measures (e.g., satisfaction with services or adherence).

Findings are presented in three parts:

· Key Findings Table: for each prevention and treatment intervention type, indicates the risk reduction and strength of evidence for mortality, morbidity, and other indicators.

· Overview: provides background information on the health condition; summary epidemiology; review of Key Findings (What works?), and future directions.

· Logic Model: a graphic of the mode of disease acquisition and progression, indicates the location of opportunities for prevention and treatment interventions.

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“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
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[EQ] IDRC support and funding for non-communicable disease prevention

IDRC New Program of Support and Funding for
Non-Communicable Disease Prevention NCDP

The International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Canada - July, 2011

Calls for concept notes for:

· Research to expand fiscal policies for global and national tobacco control : http://bit.ly/o2NiP4
Supported jointly by IDRC and the Canadian Global Tobacco Control Forum - a coalition of eight Canadian tobacco control NGOs

· Research to support interventions that promote healthy diets http://bit.ly/phKFBY

NCDP is also offering a Research Award (formerly Research Internship) for 2012. http://bit.ly/nA2HIE

Submissions are due by September 23rd 2011

IDRC's Non-Communicable Disease Prevention program (NCDP) is a newly approved program (2011-2016) that will provide a response to the major development challenges associated with the rapid rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries.

These diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, are among the leading causes of premature death and morbidity in low-and middle-income countries and they share four common risk factors: tobacco use, unhealthy diet, alcohol misuse, and physical inactivity.

IDRC program will increase our financial support to tobacco control research, expand the work of the Research for International Tobacco Control program (RITC) and continue to explore tobacco as a development issue.

The goal of the NCDP program is to generate new knowledge to inform the adoption and effective implementation of policies and programs that are low cost but can have a high impact on reducing the NCD burden and improving overall population health in low-and middle-income countries.

To that end, the NCDP program will focus on healthy public policies — one of the key pillars of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion — by targeting its research funding on:

- Regulation, legislation, and fiscal policies that address the common NCD risk factors, and

- Cost-effective population-wide programs or community-based interventions that address the common
NCD risk factors and that have the potential to be scaled up or translated to policy.

- More specifically, high-quality local evidence needs to be generated for policies and legislation that:

- Reduce the demand for, and supply of, tobacco products, alcohol products and foods that are high in fat, salt, and sugar

- Increase the affordability and availability of healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables

- Facilitate supportive environments for active transport (walking and cycling) in order to increase population-wide physical activity levels

- Protect public health policy development from commercial influence

- Strengthen tobacco control and health promotion efforts through innovative, sustainable financing

Three cross-cutting themes will be central to the program and the research we support:

Understanding the value and impact of NCD prevention policies on different social groups

Understanding how best to mobilize a whole-of-government approach for NCD prevention

Understanding and addressing the barriers posed by commercial influence to developing healthy public policies for NCD prevention

Submissions are due by September 23rd 2011. Please note that the principal applicant must be a citizen or permanent resident of, and with a primary work affiliation with an institution in a low or middle-income country.

Given the importance of using an integrated approach for non-communicable prevention please note that the NCDP program will also support research projects about interventions that target multiple risk factors simultaneously.

Out of scope

Presently, NCDP will not be able to focus on a number of issues that are important for NCD prevention and control. For example, the following will not in the immediate future be the primary subjects of NCDP-supported research:

Primary health care interventions for NCD prevention and control (e.g. smoking or alcohol cessation programs)

Smoke free policy, including compliance monitoring

Stand-alone mass media campaigns

Epidemiological and surveillance studies

For email enquiries about any of the above, please send messages to ncdp@idrc.ca . Further information on IDRC and its programs is available at the following web site www.idrc.ca.

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“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
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