[EQ] Generic drug pricing in Canada: Components of the value-chain

Generic drug pricing in Canada: Components of the value-chain

Aidan Hollis, Department of Economics, University of Calgary
Discussion Paper May 2010-­‐10

Available online PDF [32p.] at: http://bit.ly/9xesIU

"……The problem of obtaining fair pricing for generic drugs has led to a series of regulatory measures in Canadian provinces. This paper offers a new way of thinking about the problems that need to be addressed, by considering three core components of the value chain of getting generic drugs to Canadians:
litigation, production, and pharmacy services.

The paper proposes that each component of this value chain should be paid for separately, using a royalty to reward successful litigation that benefits payers; a Competitive market framework to pay for production; and a transparent, independent regulatory process to set dispensing fees for pharmacies…."

 

Contents

Executive Summary

1. Introduction

2. The key role of litigation and its costs

3. How should we pay for litigation?

    Addressing objections to the royalty system

4. Production costs

    Biologics

5. How should we pay for production?

    How have other countries achieved low generic prices?

6. Pharmacy costs

7. How should we pay for pharmacy services?

    A fair price regulation system

    Rebates

     Can rebates be controlled?

8. Conclusion

References

 

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[EQ] Report: Countdown to 2015 - Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival

Countdown to 2015 - Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival

 

World Health Organization and UNICEF 2010

 

Available online at: http://bit.ly/bksbLj

 

Conference: 2010 Women Deliver/Countdown to 2015

Washington DC - 7-9 June 2010 at:  http://bit.ly/dAKhyg

“…….Countdown collects and analyses data from the 68 countries that account for at least 95% of maternal and child deaths. It produces country profiles that present coverage data for a range of key health services, including:

• Contraceptive use.

• Antenatal care.

• Skilled attendance at delivery.

• Postnatal care.

• Child health.

• Financial investments in maternal, newborn and child health.

• Equity of access, health systems and policy.

 

The 2010 report reviews progress over 2000–2010.

Key findings

The 2010 Countdown Decade Report concludes that achieving MDGs 4 and 5 is still possible by the deadline year 2015, but only a dramatic acceleration of political commitment and financial investment can make it happen.

There is good news. Many countries are making progress, reducing mortality and increasing coverage of effective health interventions at an accelerating pace. But the news is not all good. Many Countdown countries are still off track for achieving MDGs 4 and 5 and are not increasing coverage of key health interventions quickly enough. Countdown countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are especially far behind, although a few have shown improvements.

The vast majority of maternal and child deaths are preventable. But unacceptably large numbers of women, newborns and children are still dying each year in Countdown countries.

 

Countdown to 2015: Tracking Progress in Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival was founded on a commitment by academics, governments, international agencies, health care professional associations, donors and nongovernmental organizations to work together towards achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5.

 

Countdown adds value by forging a clear, evidencebased consensus on priority interventions and coverage indicators for maternal, newborn and child health and by providing a mechanism for holding countries and their partners accountable for results. Countdown also addresses MDG 1 (eradicate poverty and hunger), MDG 6 (combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases) and MDG 7 (ensure environmental sustainability).

2010 Report - Downloads

 

FULL REPORT > Full Report with Country Profiles [PDF - 21.12 MB] > Full Report with Country Profiles [ZIP - 14.3 MB] > Report without Country Profiles [PDF - 9.12 MB] REPORT SECTIONS > Report Section 1 [PDF - 1.88 MB] ·                                 Countdown headlines for 2010: saving the lives of the world’s women, newborns and children ·                                 About Countdown to 2015 Progress towards Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 > Report Section 2 [PDF - 2.32 MB] ·                                 Causes of maternal and child deaths ·                                 Social determinants of maternal, newborn and child health ·                                 Coverage along the continuum of care > Report Section 3 [PDF - 1.39 MB] ·                                 The building block framework: health systems and policies to save the lives of women, newborns and children ·                                 Equal care for every mother and child ·                                 Country spotlight: Brazil’s success in narrowing the gap  ·                                 Country spotlight: Narrowing gender differentials in Bangladesh Financing for maternal, newborn and child health > Report Section 4 [PDF - 917 KB] ·                                 Action now for Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 ·                                 Conclusion ·                                 Notes ·                                 References  > Notes and References Only [PDF - 364 KB] COUNTRY PROFILES > All Country Profiles [PDF - 12.21 MB] > Country Profiles (A-I) [PDF - 5.9 MB] > Country Profiles (K-Z) [PDF - 6.59 MB] > Annexes [PDF - 378 KB] Download Individual Country Profiles ERRATA > Errata - Countdown Report and Profiles [PDF - 47.9 KB] > Errata - Countdown Report Only [PDF - 49.68 KB]

               

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
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[EQ] Health of migrants - The way forward - Report of a global consultation

Health of migrants − the way forward
Report of a global consultation

World Health Organization WHO
Madrid, Spain, March 2010

Available online PDF [119p.] at: http://bit.ly/d7x6NL

"…….In a globalized world defined by profound disparities, skill shortages, demographic imbalances, climate change as well as economic and political crises, natural as well as man-made disasters, migration is omnipresent. There are an estimated 214 million international migrants, 740 million internal migrants and an unknown number of migrants in an irregular situation all over the world.

While these figures comprise a wide range of different migrating populations, such as workers, refugees, students, undocumented migrants and others, and their vulnerability levels vary greatly, the collective health needs and implications of a population cohort of this size are considerable. The health of migrants and health matters associated with migration are crucial public health challenges faced by governments and societies….."

 

Content:

Executive summary

Introduction

 

Part 1 Proceedings of the Consultation

Monitoring migrant health

Policy and legal frameworks affecting migrants' health

Migrant sensitive health systems

Networks, partnerships, and multi country frameworks

Closing the consultation

 

Part 2 Outline for an operational framework

 

Part 3 The way forward

 

Part 4 Thematic papers

Monitoring migrants' health

Policy and legal frameworks affecting migrants' health

Migrant sensitive health systems

Networks, partnerships and multi country frameworks on migrant health

 

Part 5 Background materials

 

Glossary on selected migration terms

Usage of migration related terminology

Keynote addresses

 

Annexes

Consultation agenda

Participants

Resolution WHA 61.17 on the Health of Migrants

Health of Migrants Report by the Secretariat. Sixty-first World Health Assembly (WHA 61/12)

 

List of figures

Figure 1. WHA resolution on migrant health, selected actions points

Figure 2. Public health approach to migrant health

Figure 3. Top ten countries with the highest share of migrants in the total population (countries with 1 million or more residents)

Figure 4. Tuberculosis in the United Kingdom 2008

Figure 5. Influence of migration on cancer rates in the United States 1973-1986

Coordination and editing team

• Daniel López-Acuña, Director Strategy, Policy and Resource Management, Health, Action in Crises, World Health Organization (WHO)

• Davide Mosca, Director Migration Health Department, International Organization for Migration (IOM)

• Paola Pace, Research Officer, Migration Law and Legal Affairs Department, International Organization for Migration (IOM)

• Julia Puebla Fortier, DiversityRx-Resources for Cross Cultural Health Care

• Barbara Rijks, Migration Health Programme Coordinator, International Organization for Migration (IOM)

• Jacqueline Weekers, Senior Migrant Health Officer, Health Action in Crises, World Health Organization (WHO)

Planning committee members who assisted in the preparations for the Global Consultation on Migrant Health: Charles Agyemang, Danielle Grondin, Brian Gushulak, Zaida Herrador Ortíz, Alberto Infante Campos, Karima Jambulatova, Eduardo Jaramillo, Sonia LeBris, Innocent Modisaotsile, Nenette Motus, Houssam Mu'allem, Seon Hee Park, Jose Pereira Miguel, Bounpheng Philavong, Juana Sotomayor Davila, Donald Tambunan, Patrick Taran and Steffi Zimmermann.

 

                WHO website: http://www.who.int/hac/events/3_5march2010/en/index.html

               

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