[EQ] Pandemic Influenza: A Guide to Recent US Institute of Medicine Studies

Pandemic Influenza: A Guide to Recent Institute of Medicine IOM Studies and Workshops

IOM May 2009

 

“….Cases of the novel strain of H1N1 (Swine Origin [SO]) influenza that spread rapidly through Mexico in April 2009 now span the globe, and pandemic response plans are being activated to meet the threat to public health. In the past several years, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has released a number of reports and workshop summaries related to major policy issues for pandemic influenza and other infectious disease threats similar to the current spread of H1N1 (SO) influenza.

 

This guide highlights action and information that could be useful for near-term implementation of pandemic planning and response in the following areas:

·         Communicating with and engaging the public

·         Use of masks and personal protective equipment

·         Use of antiviral drugs and vaccines

·         Outbreak mitigation (e.g., social distancing, school closures)

·         Surveillance, research, and evaluation during a pandemic

The guide is available at: http://bit.ly/Zn2lD

In addition, President Harvey V. Fineberg has made his book on the 1976 swine flu outbreak, The Swine Flu Affair: Decision-Making on a Slippery Disease , available as a free PDF. The book examines the U.S. government's swine flu immunization program in the wake of an outbreak of the disease among a small group of soldiers at Fort Dix. The program was marked by controversy, delay, administrative troubles, legal complications, unforeseen side effects and a progressive loss of credibility for public health authorities. The book extracts lessons to help cope with similar situations in the future.

The report is available for download as a free PDF.

Discussed in this brief : http://www.iom.edu/Object.File/Master/66/249/Pandemic_influenza_brief1.pdf

       Antivirals for Pandemic Influenza: Guidance on Developing a Distribution and Dispensing Program (2008)

       Preparing for an Influenza Pandemic: Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Workers (2008)

       Reusability of Facemasks During an Influenza Pandemic: Facing the Flu (2006)

       Modeling Community Containment for Pandemic Influenza, A Letter Report (2006)

       Ethical and Legal Considerations in Mitigating Pandemic Disease: Workshop Summary - Forum on Microbial Threats (2007)

       The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? Workshop Summary - Forum on Microbial Threats (2004)

       John R. La Montagne Memorial Symposium on Pandemic Influenza Research: Meeting Proceedings (2005)

       Dispensing Medical Countermeasures for Public Health Emergencies: Workshop Summary (2008)

       Learning from SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Outbreak -- Workshop Summary (2004)

       DoD-GEIS Influenza Programs: Strengthening Global Surveillance and Response (2007)

Relevant to pandemic influenza and/or other infectious disease threats

       Global Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection: Assessing the Challenges -- Finding Solutions, Workshop Summary (2007)

       Microbial Threats to Health: Emergence, Detection, and Response (2005)

       The Impact of Globalization on Infectious Disease Emergence and Control: Exploring the Consequences and Opportunities, Workshop Summary (Forum on Microbial Threats) (2006)

       Vector-Borne Diseases: Understanding the Environmental, Human Health, and Ecological Connections, Workshop Summary (Forum on Microbial Threats) (2008

 

 *      *     *

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[EQ] PAHO Briefing Monday May 4 on Influenza Epidemic 2 PM (Eastern time)

PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION  -WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION       

 

News and Public Information     *      MEDIA ADVISORY

 

PAHO Briefing Monday May 4 on Influenza Epidemic  2 PM (Eastern time)

 

WHAT: Briefing on new A/H1N1 influenza outbreaks by Dr. Jon K. Andrus, Pan American Health Organization

WHEN: Monday, May 4, at 14:00 HS (Washington, DC Time)

 

WHERE: PAHO. 525 23rd St. NW, Washington, DC (Corner 23rd St. & Virginia Ave)

WHO: Dr. Jon K. Andrus, Pan American Health Organization, regional office for the Americas, World Health Organization

HOW: Briefing will be by Phone-In, Elluminate, and in person.

Internet via ELLUMINATE:  

 

Room in English:   http://new.paho.org/pressconference

 Room in Spanish:  http://new.paho.org/ruedadeprensa

 

 

For more information, please contact Daniel Epstein, Public Information Officer, Tel: +1 202 316 5679, email: epsteind@paho.org or 
Donna Eberwine-Villagrán, Public Information Officer, + 202 974 3122, email:  eberwind@paho.org -  fax +1 202 974 3143
 – www.paho.org  email:  eberwind@paho.org  - www.paho.org

 

 

 

QUESTIONS BY EMAIL:   During this press conference, questions can be sent through this email:   pressconference@paho.org

 

PHONE-IN:

 

Conference Details:

Start Time: 14:00 HS    *   End Time: 15:00 HS   (Washington Time) 

Verbal Passcode (to be given to the operator): PAHOPressCall

Leader Name:  Norman Spirt

Participant Dial-in Numbers.    Generic Call in numbers:

 U.S. Toll Free: 888-299-4099

Canadian Toll Free: 866-682-1172

International Toll: 302-709-8337

Country specific numbers (dial exactly as listed from the respective country):

International TF Countries

Argentina   0-800-666-1736

Australia   1-800-077-126

Austria (Mobile Restricted) 0-800-292-170

Bahamas 1-800-205-2851

Belgium 0-800-71340

Brazil 0-800-891-9639

Chile 1230-020-6148

China - North (Mobile Restricted) 10-800-714-0774

China - South (Mobile Restricted) 10-800-140-0750

Colombia (Mobile Restricted) 01-800-518-0325

Costa Rica  0-800-015-0519

Cyprus  800-961-49

Czech Republic 800-700-549

Denmark (Mobile Restricted) 80-884-696

Denmark (Mobile) 80-888-848

Dominican Rep 1-888-751-4420

Ecuador(Mobile Restricted) 1-800-010-510

Finland 0-800-112-589

France 0-800-907-064

Germany 0-800-182-2342

Greece (Mobile Restricted) 00-800-161-220-31561

Hong Kong 800-903-545

Hungary 06-800-13582

Indonesia 001-803-016-1561

Ireland 1-800-625-002

Israel 1-809-450-032

Italy 800-781-190

Italy (Mobile) 800-788-849

Japan 00-531-160-454

Luxembourg (Mobile Restricted) 800-261-27

Malaysia 1-800-813-821

Mexico 001-800-514-9940

Netherlands 0-800-023-1030

New Zealand 0-800-448-553

Norway 800-195-26

Panama (Mobile Restricted) 00-800-226-0032

Poland 0-0-800-111-4702

Portugal (Mobile Restricted) 800-819-642

Puerto Rico 1-866-686-3047

Russia (Mobile Restricted) 810-800-237-51012

Singapore 800-101-1588

South Africa 0-800-998-242

South Korea 00-308-131-585

Spain (Mobile Restricted) 900-947-029

St. Kitts/Nevis (Mobile Restricted) 1-800-205-3047

Sweden (Mobile Restricted) 0-200285821

Switzerland (Mobile Restricted) 0-800-561-209

Taiwan 00-80-112-6691

Thailand 001-800-156-203-9940

Trinidad-Tobago 1-800-205-2851

UAE (United Arab Emirates) 800-017-0435

United Kingdom 0-800-028-1126

Uruguay 000-40-190-111

Venezuela 0-800-100-4022

 

Verbal Passcode (to be given to the operator): PAHOPressCall

Leader Name: Norman Spirt

 

Conference Features:

*Participants are instructed to dial in 15 minutes prior to the scheduled start time.

*When dialing in, Leaders and Participants will hold the line for an operator.

*Participants will verbally give their passcode to the operator.

*Leaders will need to identify themselves accordingly to the operator when they dial in.

*The conference will have a Backdoor Line to the attending operator. Please dial 877-709-8255 to establish the connection.

*The conference will have a Question & Answer Session.

*All participants will be muted during the Question & Answer session.

*Participants may reach an operator by pressing *0 on their telephone keypads. Leaders cannot reach an outside operator while in Q&A Mode.

*Participants' , Organization will be taken for the Participant List.

The participants will then be placed into the Main Conference where they will listen to music until the conference begins.

*This conference will be recorded. All recordings are available for 30 days.

 

Q&A Instructions:

Press *1 to ask a question.

Press # to remove the question from the question queue. 

CONTACTS:  Daniel Epstein, Public Information Officer, email:  epsteind@paho.org, mobile +1 202 316 5679 or Donna Eberwine-Villagran, email: eberwind@paho.org, mobile +1 202 320 0410, Knowledge Management and Communicaton Area, PAHO/WHO – www.paho.org

The audio and video of today’s press briefing will available on our webpage soon; visit us:    http://new.paho.org/hq/

====================================

ESPANOL

ORGANIZACIÓN PANAMERICANA DE LA SALUD        

ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD

 

Noticias e Información Pública         *        AVISO A LOS MEDIOS

 

Conferencia de prensa de la OPS sobre epidemia de influenza

Lunes, 4 de mayo

 

QUÉ:  Conferencia de prensa del Dr. Jon K. Andrus, de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) sobre los brotes del nuevo virus de influenza A/H1N1.

CUÁNDO:  Lunes, 4 de mayo, a las 14:00 HS (hora de Washington, DC)

DONDE:  Organización Panamericana dela Salud, 525 23^rd St., NW, Washington, DC (entre la Calle 23 y la Avenida Virginia Ave)

QUIÉN:  Dr. Jon K. Andrus, Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Oficina Regional para las Américas, Organización Panamericana de la Salud

CÓMO:  La sesión se realizará telefónicamente con llamadas, Elluminate y en persona.

ELLUMINATE:      Sala en español:  http://new.paho.org/ruedadeprensa

        Sala en inglés:    http://new.paho.org/pressconference

 

PREGUNTAS POR EMAIL:  Si desea enviar alguna pregunta durante la conferencia de prensa, lo invitamos a hacerlo a través del siguiente correo electrónico:  pressconference@paho.org

 

COORDENADAS/DETALLES TÉCNICOS:

Comienza: 14:00 HS Hora de Washington, DC

Finaliza:    15:00 HS

 

 

Los representantes de los medios de comunicación que deseen participar en la conferencia de prensa vía telefónica disponen de números telefónicos especiales de dedicación exclusiva que podrán marcar desde los países donde se encuentren. Existen algunos números a los que se podrá llamar o no llamar desde teléfonos celulares. (Favor de ver listado adjunto)

 

Indicaciones:

Se ruega a los participantes que llamen 15 minutos antes del inicio previsto para la conferencia.

 

Al llamar, esperar tono de operador/ra

 

Dar contraseña verbalmente: PAHOPressCall (pronunciación “pajoprescol”)

 

Habrá una línea accesoria de contacto con el operador/ra. Por favor, digitar el número 877-709-8255 para establecer conexión.

 

La conferencia tendrá un período de preguntas y respuestas.

Los participantes serán “silenciados” durante la sesión de preguntas y respuestas para facilitar la oportuna conducción de la sesión.

Los participantes podrán contactar con un operador/ra presionando *0 en sus teclados telefónicos. No se puede contactar a un operador externo mientras se está en periodo de Preguntas y Respuestas.

 

Los participantes esperarán hasta que se inicie la conferencia.

La conferencia será grabada y las grabaciones estarán disponibles hasta 30 días.

 

Para preguntas/respuestas:

Presionar *1 para hacer una pregunta.

Presionar # para eliminar la pregunta de la lista de preguntas en espera.

 

Para los periodistas participantes vía telefónica, estos son los números a los que se debe llamar:

 

Desde Estados Unidos: 888-299-4099

Desde Canadá: 866-682-1172

Llamada internacional: 302-709-8337

Números específicos desde países (consultar listado)

NOTA: digitar exactamente tal y como se indica para cada país respectivo)

   

Argentina   0-800-666-1736

 

Australia   1-800-077-126

     

Austria (no desde celulares)  0-800-292-170

     

Bahamas 1-800-205-2851

 

Bélgica 0-800-71340

      

Brasil 0-800-891-9639

     

Chile 1230-020-6148

 

China - Norte (no desde celulares) 10-800-714-0774

   

China - Sur (no desde celulares) 10-800-140-0750

      

Colombia (no desde celulares) 01-800-518-0325

    

Costa Rica 0-800-015-0519

      

Chipre 800-961-49

      

República de Checa 800-700-549

      

Dinamarca (no desde celulares) 80-884-696

       

Dinamarca (si admite celulares) 80-888-848

      

República Dominicana 1-888-751-4420

      

Ecuador (no desde celulares) 1-800-010-510

      

Finlandia 0-800-112-589

      

Francia 0-800-907-064

      

Alemania 0-800-182-2342

      

Grecia (no desde celulares) 00-800-161-220-31561

      

Hong Kong 800-903-545

      

Hungria 06-800-13582

      

Indonesia 001-803-016-1561

      

Irlanda 1-800-625-002

      

Israel 1-809-450-032

      

Italia 800-781-190

      

Italia (admite celulares) 800-788-849

      

Japón 00-531-160-454

      

Luxemburgo (no desde celulares) 800-261-27

      

Malasia 1-800-813-821

      

México 001-800-514-9940

      

Países Bajos 0-800-023-1030

      

Nueva Zelanda 0-800-448-553

      

Noruega 800-195-26

       

Panamá (no desde celulares) 00-800-226-0032

      

Polonia 0-0-800-111-4702

      

Portugal (admite celulares) 800-819-642

      

Puerto Rico 1-866-686-3047

      

Rusia (no desde celulares) 810-800-237-51012

      

Singapur 800-101-1588

      

Sudáfrica 0-800-998-242

      

Corea del Sur 00-308-131-585

      

España (no celulares) 900-947-029

      

St. Kitts/Nevis (no desde celulares) 1-800-205-3047

      

Suecia (no desde celulares) 0-200285821

      

Suiza (no desde celulares) 0-800-561-209

     

Taiwan 00-80-112-6691

      

Tailandia 001-800-156-203-9940

      

Trinidad y Tobago 1-800-205-2851

      

UAE (Emiratos Árabes Unidos) 800-017-0435

      

Reino Unido 0-800-028-1126

      

Uruguay 000-40-190-111

      

Venezuela 0-800-100-4022

 

CONTACTOS: Daniel Epstein, email epsteind@paho.org, Oficial de Información Pública, Oficina de Comunicación, OPS/OMS, Tel +1 202 974 3459 – celular  +1 202 316 5679, fax +1 202 974 3143 o Donna Eberwine-Villagrán, email:  eberwind@paho.org, Oficina de Comunicación, Tel + 1 202 974 3122, celular + 202 320-0410 -   www.paho.org

 

El audio de la conferencia de prensa de hoy estará pronto en nuestra página web; visitenos en:  http://new.paho.org/hq/index.php?lang=es

 

 *      *     *

This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMS Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html

 

 

 

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.  

[EQ] Global Health Law: A Definition and Grand Challenges

 

Global Health Law: A Definition and Grand Challenges

 

Lawrence O. Gostin and Allyn L. Taylor O’Neill Institute for National and Global

Health Law at Georgetown University Law Center

PUBLIC HEALTH ETHICS VOLUME 1 • NUMBER 1 • 2008 • 53–63

 

Available online at: http://phe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/1/1/53

 

‘…..As a consequence of rapid globalization, the need for a coherent system of global health law and governance has never been greater. This article explores the health hazards posed by contemporary globalization on human health and the consequent urgent need for global health law to facilitate effective multilateral cooperation in advancing the health of populations equitably. It sets forth the first definition of the emerging field of “global health law.” After explicating the central features identified in the definition, the article examines the “grand challenges” to reaching the full potential of global health law to advance human health in just and effective ways….” [Abstract]

 

“…..This article has sought to set out a definition and the grand challenges in global health law today. As we have described, global health law has a number of structural inadequacies and inherent challenges— including vague standards, ineffective monitoring, weak enforcement—and a ‘statist’ approach that insufficiently harnesses the creativity and resources of nonstate actors and civil society more generally. Notably, international law suffers from important structural limitations that impact its effectiveness as a tool of global health governance.

 

These limitations include challenges of timely commitment, implementation and modification of international standards. Overall, in the absence of effective mechanisms for rationalizing and coordinating the global health law system, there are serious questions about the capacity of existing and future global health law to advance global health effectively and equitably….’ [AU]

 

 *      *     *

This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMS Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.  

[EQ] PAHO Urges Equitable Access to Influenza Vaccines

PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION/ WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION                                                 

Regional Office, World Health Organization                                                        

News and Public Information

Press Release

 

PAHO Urges Equitable Access to Influenza Vaccines

 

Website; http://new.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1300&Itemid=1

 

Washington, D.C., May 3, 2009 (PAHO/WHO) – Guaranteeing access for developing countries to vaccines, including a possible vaccine for the new A/H1N1 influenza virus, is a major concern of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the regional office for the Americas of the World Health Organization (WHO), a PAHO vaccine expert said during a media briefing today.

“Equitable distribution of vaccine to developing countries is an absolute top priority for PAHO,” said Dr. Jon K. Andrus, PAHO’s lead senior technical advisor in immunizations. “As it stands, several manufacturers have preproduction contracts with some countries, which could impose some barriers to vaccine access for the poorest of the poor. We need to keep advocacy and dialogue going to prevent a humanitarian crisis in case of possible vaccine shortages, particularly if this current outbreak were to become more severe.”

PAHO and WHO are actively working with technical collaborating centers and vaccine manufacturers to produce candidate vaccine virus strains for an eventual vaccine. Andrus, a member of the PAHO/WHO Influenza A/H1N1 Vaccine Task Force, said the supply of vaccine is expected to be “perhaps 1 to 2 billion doses,” which falls far short of the world’s more than 6 billion population. For this reason, he said that vaccination strategies will need to target high-risk individuals.

“The data coming out of Mexico determining risk factors for morbidity and mortality will be critical, not only for Mexico but for the rest of the world.”

Andrus also noted that PAHO and WHO are working to ensure that member countries have equitable access to the antiviral drug oseltamivir, which is currently effective against the new A/H1N1 influenza virus. WHO and PAHO both have stockpiles of the drug.

PAHO has mobilized 27 experts in epidemiology, logistics, infection control, communication, and virology to Mexico, where they are working side-by-side with Mexican health officials.

“As the Secretary of Health said from Mexico, and as WHO has said from Geneva, everyone has done everything possible to work collaboratively and to respond in a timely fashion,” said Andrus. “The task now is to move forward in this same spirit of collaboration.”

Andrus said that currently available data suggest that the new influenza A/H1N1 outbreak is “mild to moderate in terms of severity.” Of the 160 cases in the United States, for example, there have been 1 death and 5 hospitalizations.

“However, that is not to say that things cannot change very quickly and very dramatically. What we know about influenza and RNA viruses in general is that they are predictable in their unpredictability. The rapid and fairly aggressive response by PAHO and WHO has been appropriate, given this completely novel strain of new flu virus. We need to be vigilant but calm, so as not to create panic and loss of public confidence.”

Among new countries reporting cases of the new A/H1N1 influenza virus are two Latin American countries: Colombia (1 confirmed case), and Costa Rica (1 confirmed case). In collaboration with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), PAHO is helping to ensure the distribution of rapid virus testing kits to its member countries in Latin America and the Caribbean to help them do preliminary testing of cases.

Andrus said PAHO is urging countries in South America to continue vaccination with the seasonal influenza vaccine, since the region is just entering its colder-weather period and the traditional influenza season. The composition of the current Southern Hemisphere seasonal vaccine includes a different strain of H1N1 influenza virus (Brisbane-like), but data so far show it offers no cross-protection for the new A/H1N1 strain.

Best estimates suggest a vaccine against the new A/H1N1 influenza strain will be available in 4-6 months, before the Northern Hemisphere’s traditional flu season gets well under way. In the meantime, people should follow public health advice such as covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue, washing their hands frequently, and postponing travel if sick. Those who travel and return sick should seek medical advice. PAHO and WHO recommend that countries not impose restrictions on normal travel nor close borders. Andrus noted that there is no risk of becoming infected by the new influenza virus by eating cooked pork.

Andrus noted that PAHO and its member countries in North, Central and South America and the Caribbean have successfully confronted other major epidemics by working closely together. These include polio, which was eradicated from the Western Hemisphere before any other WHO region; an epidemic of cholera in the 1990s, which was successfully controlled through joint pan-American public health action; and measles and rubella, which are close to eradication in the PAHO region.

“When you work in disease eradication, every day is an emergency,” said Andrus. “Every day that passes means more children are being paralyzed. This is unacceptable, so every day has to be an emergency if the job is going to get done. In the Americas, countries have been highly successful with achieving these disease elimination efforts.”

Confirmed case counts, frequently asked questions, public health recommendations, and other information on the new A/H1N1 influenza outbreaks are available at www.paho.org.

Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWQagYhzR5o&feature=PlayList&p=999921988037C964&index=0

 

 For more information, please contact Donna Eberwine-Villagrán, email: eberwind@paho.org, Tel +1 202 974 3122, mobile + 202 320 0410, fax +1 202 974 3143 or Daniel Esptein, email: epsteind@paho.org  Tel: + 1 202 974 3459 – mobile +1 202 316 5679, fax +1 202 974 3143.
For updated information please check our website:  www.paho.org

 

 *      *     *

This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMS Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO Website

Follow us on Twitter: http://twitter.com/eqpaho

Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html

 

 

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.