Thursday, October 28, 2010

[EQ] The European Primary Care Monitor: structure, process and outcome indicators

The European Primary Care Monitor: structure, process and outcome indicators

Dionne S. Kringos1§, Wienke G.W. Boerma1, Yann Bourgueil2, Thomas Cartier2, Toralf Hasvold3, Allen Hutchinson4,
Margus Lember5, Marek Oleszczyk6, Danica Rotar Pavlic7, Igor Svab7, Paolo Tedeschi8, Andrew Wilson9, Adam Windak6, Toni Dedeu10, Stefan Wilm11

1 NIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, Netherlands

2 Institute for Research and Information in Health Economics IRDES, Paris, France

3 University of Tromsø, Department of Community Medicine ISM, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway

4 University of Sheffield, School of Health and Related Research ScHARR, Sheffield, United Kingdom

5 University of Tartu, Department of Polyclinical and Family Medicine, Tartu, Estonia

6 Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Family Medicine, Krakow, Poland.

7 University of Ljubljana, Department of Family Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia

8 Bocconi University, Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management CERGAS, Milan, Italy

9 University of Leicester, Department of Health Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom.
10Primary Care Research Institute IDIAP, Barcelona,  Spain.

11Private University Witten/Herdecke gGmbH, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Witten, Germany.

BMC Family Practice 2010, 11:81 doi:10.1186/1471-2296-11-81

Available online at: http://bit.ly/9QjtIu

 

“…..Scientific research has provided evidence on benefits of well developed primary care systems. The relevance of some of this research for the European situation is limited.

There is currently a lack of up to date comprehensive and comparable information on variation in development of primary care, and a lack of knowledge of structures and strategies conducive to strengthening primary care in Europe. The EC funded project Primary Health Care Activity Monitor for Europe (PHAMEU) aims to fill this gap by developing a Primary Care Monitoring System (PC Monitor) for application in 31 European countries.

This article describes the development of the indicators of the PC Monitor, which will make it possible to create an alternative model for holistic analyses of primary care.

Methods

A systematic review of the primary care literature published between 2003 and July 2008 was carried out. This resulted in an overview of:
(1) the dimensions of primary care and their relevance to outcomes at (primary) health system level;
(2) essential features per dimension;
(3) applied indicators to measure the features of primary care dimensions.
The indicators were evaluated by the project team against criteria of relevance, precision, flexibility, and discriminating power. The resulting indicator set was evaluated on its suitability for Europe-wide comparison of primary care systems by a panel of primary care experts from various European countries (representing a variety of primary care systems).

Results

The developed PC Monitor approaches primary care in Europe as a multidimensional concept. It describes the key dimensions of primary care systems at three levels: structure, process, and outcome level. On structure level, it includes indicators for governance, economic conditions, and workforce development. On process level, indicators describe access, comprehensiveness, continuity, and coordination of primary care services. On outcome level, indicators reflect the quality, and efficiency of primary care.

Conclusions

A standardized instrument for describing and comparing primary care systems has been developed based on scientific evidence and consensus among an international panel of experts, which will be tested to all configurations of primary care in Europe, intended for producing comparable information. Widespread use of the instrument has the potential to improve the understanding of primary care delivery in different national contexts and thus to create opportunities for better decision making…..”

 


 
*      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]
Washington DC USA

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO Website

Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho






IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended
recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or
confidential information. If you are not the intended
recipient or a person responsible for delivering this
transmission to the intended recipient, you may not
disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take
any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission
in error, please dispose of and delete this transmission.

Thank you.

[EQ] Systemic Risks in Society and Economics

Systemic Risks in Society and Economics

Dirk Helbing1,2,3_

1 ETH Zurich,  Switzerland http://www.soms.ethz.ch, http://www.ccss.ethz.ch

2 Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM  USA and

3 Collegium Budapest—Institute for Advanced Study, Budapest, Hungary

Santa Fe Institute - November 18, 2009

            Available online PDF [13p. 5.8MB] at: http://bit.ly/cTDaf3

“……This contribution presents a summary of sources and drivers of systemic risks in socio-economic systems and related governance issues. The analysis is based on the theory of complex systems and illustrated by numerous examples….

Typical misunderstandings regarding the behavior and functioning of socio-economic systems will be addressed, and some current threats for the stability of social and economic systems are pointed out….”

Having discussed the particular challenges of complex systems, one may be left with the impression that such systems are just too difficult for us to handle. However, in the past decades, a variety of scientific techniques have been developed to address these challenges. These include
• large-scale data mining,
• network analysis,

• systems dynamics,

• scenario modeling,

• sensitivity analysis,

• non-equilibrium statistical physics,

• non-linear dyamics and chaos theory,

• systems theory and cybernetics,

• catastrophe theory,

• the statistics of extreme events,

• the theory of critical phenomena and, maybe most prominently these days,

• agent-based modeling [129–133]…..”

“……Among the success stories of complex systems research, one may mention the nobel prizes of Ilya Prigogine, Thomas Schelling, and Paul Krugmann. Some examples for application areas of complexity science are [144–148]

• the organization of the internet,

• modern epidemiology,

• the prevention of crowd stampedes,

• innovative solutions to improve traffic flow,

• the understanding of global climate change,

• the enhancement of the reliability of energy supply,

• modern disaster response management,

• prediction markets and other methods using the wisdom of crowds.

However, many socio-economic crises still occur, because the system dynamics is not well enough understood, leading to serious management mistakes…’

 


 
*      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]
Washington DC USA

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO Website

Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho






IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended
recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or
confidential information. If you are not the intended
recipient or a person responsible for delivering this
transmission to the intended recipient, you may not
disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take
any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission
in error, please dispose of and delete this transmission.

Thank you.

[EQ] Aid Effectiveness: Why does it matter to partners in South-South cooperation?

Aid Effectiveness: Why does it matter to partners in South-South cooperation?

Development Outreach is a flagship magazine in the field of global knowledge for development which reflects the learning programs of the World Bank
October 2010

Available online at: http://bit.ly/adYDhj

“……The road to development is no longer a one-way street; and top down development assistance isn’t the "only game in town." Ideas as well as financial flows are traveling across borders from South to South, and even South to North. In a multipolar world development has become multidirectional.

This issue of Development Outreach takes stock of some new and existing models of Southern-led and Triangular cooperation and knowledge exchange. …

……Countries of the South want to learn from those who have climbed out of the trenches,who speak the same language, who have grappled with the same problems. The challenge now is to connect, coordinate, and capture the useable knowledge and experiences that will help shape and take these new models to scale, which means learning more about what works and what doesn’t. The multilateral development banks and others in the development community such as NEPAD in Africa, ASEAN in Asia, and the OAS in Latin America, can help create the space for this— physically and virtually—by connecting, brokering, documenting, and sharing the knowledge born of success (and failure) that can make solutions travel.

Articles in this issue present stakeholder perspectives on South-South cooperation from regional organizations, nongovernmental, andmultilateral agencies. The final section of the magazine offers examples of SSC in practice, including summary cases prepared for the Bogotá High Level Event on South-South Cooperation and Capacity Development.

As this issue’s guest editors point out, the new models of South-South cooperation are being driven by a “double- sided demand”—the demand to learn and the demand to share knowledge, coming together in a happy convergence of interests. With strong leadership and commitment by all stakeholders, South-South cooperation can unleash the power of regional and local knowledge and forge best-fit development solutions….”John P. Didier, Acting Executive Editor

Content:

Aid Effectiveness: Why does it matter to partners in South-South cooperation?

Why should partners in South-South cooperation care about aid effectiveness?
What is the relevance of the commitments embodied in the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the
Accra Agenda for Action to development actors?

 

South-South Mutual Learning: A priority for national capacity development in Africa

Evidence-based knowledge and innovation are critical for national development in Africa
if the continent is to sustain the momentum of its transformation agenda.

 

South-South Learning in the Trifinio Region: Transforming borderlands into areas of peace and development

The creation of the Trifinio region, a sensitive biosphere reserve in northern Central America
where the borders of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras meet is a unique example of South-South Cooperation.

 

China's International Poverty Reduction Center as a Platform for South-South Learning

After attending a South-South experience-sharing event in China, a number of African officials wondered:
 “How come China is able to develop and retain its implementation capacity, whereas our countries suffer from brain-drain?”

 

The South-South Opportunity

Sanjay Pradhan

 

South Meets South: Enriching the development menu

Enrique Maruri and Han Fraeters

 

Rise of the Global South and It's Impact on South-...

Hardeep S. Puri

 

Aid Effectiveness: Why does it matter to partners in South-...

Angel Gurría

 

South-South Mutual Learning: A priority for national...

Dr. Ibrahim Assane Mayaki

 

South-South Knowledge Exchange as a Tool for Capacity...

Talaat Abdel-Malek

 

South-South Knowledge Exchange: A natural agenda for Latin...

Ambassador Alfonso Quiñonez

 

Triangular Cooperation: Opportunties, risks, and conditions...

Guido Ashoff

 

South-South Cooperation and Knowledge Exchange: A...

Anabel Cruz

 

Managing Knowledge in Organizations: Summary of an...

Marshall Van Alstyne and Hind Benbya

 

South-South Learning in the Trifinio Region: Transforming...

Jaime A. Miranda

Karin Slowing Umaña

and Julio César Raudales

 

China's International Poverty Reduction Center as a...

Zhong Wu

Phil Karp

and Yan Wang

 

Developing the Capacity of Post-Conflict Countries through...

Dr. Saloshini Muthayan

 

The Power of Parliamentary South-South Learning: Fighting...

Jeff Balch

 

Helping Latin America Help Itself: South-South cooperation...

Pamela Cox

 

Making South-South Happen: Ten years of knowledge exchange...

Steffen Soulejman Janus and Mor Seck

 

Asia's Deepening Regionalism Brings Shared Prosperity

Rajat M. Nag

 

The Bogotá Spirit: South-South peers and partners at the...

Nils-Sjard Schulz

 

Knowledge Resources

South-South Opportunity

 

 

 


 
*      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]
Washington DC USA

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO Website

Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho





IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended
recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or
confidential information. If you are not the intended
recipient or a person responsible for delivering this
transmission to the intended recipient, you may not
disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take
any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission
in error, please dispose of and delete this transmission.

Thank you.