Thursday, April 28, 2011

[EQ] Global status report on noncommunicable diseases WHO 2010

Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010

Description of the global burden of NCDs, their risk factors and determinants

World Health Organization WHO April 2011
ISBN: 978 92 4 156422 9

“…..This report sets out the statistics, evidence and experiences needed to launch a more forceful response to the growing threat posed by noncommunicable diseases. While advice and recommendations are universally relevant, the report gives particular attention to conditions in low- and middle-income countries, which now bear nearly 80% of the burden from diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases. The health consequences of the worldwide epidemic of obesity are also addressed.

The report takes an analytical approach, using global, regional and country-specific data to document the magnitude of the problem, project future trends, and assess the factors contributing to these trends. As noted, the epidemic of these diseases is being driven by powerful forces now touching every region of the world: demographic ageing, rapid unplanned urbanization, and the globalization of unhealthy lifestyles. While many chronic conditions develop slowly, changes in lifestyles and behaviours are occurring with a stunning speed and sweep…..”

Content:

Chapter 1: Burden: mortality, morbidity and risk factors
Chapter 2: NCDs and development
Chapter 3: Monitoring NCDs and their risk factors: a framework for surveillance
Chapter 4: Reducing risks and preventing disease: population-wide interventions
Chapter 5: Improving health care: individual interventions
Chapter 6: Tackling NCDs: the capacity of countries to respond
Chapter 7: The way forward: taking action based on evidence and lessons learnt

Annexes

Annex 1. Methods used for country estimates

Annex 2. List of countries by WHO Regions and World Bank Income Groups

Annex 3. Maps showing the global distribution of estimated NCD-related mortality and selected risk factors
Annex 4. Country estimates of NCD mortality and selected risk factors, 2008
Annex 5. Core indicators for consideration as part of the framework for NCD surveillance

Annex 6. Recommended approaches to implementing effective and sustainable multisectoral action on health

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[EQ] Doing Better for Families OECD 2011

Doing Better for Families

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

ISBN 978-92-64-09872-5 - OECD 2011

Available online as PDF file [279p.] at: http://bit.ly/iDT06q

“…….Families are the cornerstone of society. They play a central economic role, creating economies of scale for people living together and as the source of home production. They are a crucial engine of solidarity, redistributing resources (cash, in-kind or time) among individuals, households and generations. They provide protection and insurance against hardship. Families offer identity, love, care and development to their members and form the core of many social networks.

Families are changing. Life expectancy is higher, birth rates lower. In many families today, there are more grandparents and fewer children. Many families now live in non-traditional arrangements: there is more cohabitation, people marry at older ages, marriages end in divorce more often and remarriages are increasing. Parents’ aspirations have changed and across the OECD many fathers and mothers both want to combine a career and an active family life. Children have fewer siblings and live more often with cohabiting or sole parents. More children are growing up in blended families of re-partnered adults.

More effective public policies which do better for families can have large private and public payoffs. For example, by supporting vulnerable families and children more effectively now, policy is likely to avoid costly negative outcomes in future. Better co-ordination and co-location of services for families generate economies of scale and also ensure that more families get the variety of services they need.

But family policy is not just about services or cash allowances, income support during leave or tax breaks for families. It is also about promoting various health and education aspects of child well-being, about reducing barriers to parental employment and helping parents to provide for their children and easing family poverty risks. Increased parental employment will also further economic growth and improve the financial sustainability of social protection systems in the face of population ageing.

This book looks at how family policy is developing in the changing family context, and considers the different ways in which governments support families.

It first presents a range of work, family and child outcomes and then seeks to provide answers to the following questions:

Is spending on family benefits going up, and how does it vary by the age of the child?
What is the best way of helping adults to have the number of children they desire?

What are the effects of parental leave schemes on female labour supply, and on child well-being?
Are childcare costs a barrier to parental employment and how can flexible workplace options help?
What is the best time for mothers to go back to work after childbirth? And
what are the best policies to reduce poverty among sole parents?

The book concludes with an initial cross-country analysis of the relatively neglected topic of child maltreatment…………”

Table of Contents

Executive summary

Chapter 1. Families are changing .

Chapter 2. The balance of family policy tools – benefit packages, spending by age and families with young children.
Chapter 3. Fertility trends: What have been the main drivers?.

Chapter 4. Reducing barriers to parental employment. .

Chapter 5. Promoting child development and child well-being .

Chapter 6. Sole parents, public policy, employment and poverty.

Chapter 7. Child maltreatment .

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