Friday, February 27, 2009

[EQ] Determinants and Prevention of Low Birth Weight - A Synopsis of the Evidence

Determinants and Prevention of Low Birth Weight:

A Synopsis of the Evidence

 

Arne Ohlsson.  Prakeshkumar Shah

The Institute of Health Economics (IHE), Edmonton, AB, Canada  2008

 

Available online as PDF file [284p.] at: http://www.ihe.ca/documents/IHE%20Report%20LowBirthWeight%20final.pdf

 

“……Low birth weight (defined as a birth weight of less than 2500 grams) is associated with fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, impaired cognitive development, and the advent of chronic diseases in later life….”

 

“……This book is a synopsis (an overview of summaries and individual studies) of the evidence on the determinants related to low birth weight births and the effectiveness of strategies and interventions to prevent them. It consists of 16 chapters. The first two chapters provide general background information on the incidence, survival rates, and consequences of low birth weight births and a summary of the approach used to identify and synthesize the extensive literature on the subject. Chapters 3 to 15 provide succinct overviews of the evidence base for the myriad determinants and interventions for low birth weight births addressed in the literature. The final chapter provides a useful reference guide to the contents of the book in the form of tabulated summaries of the evidence and

conclusions….”

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

CHAPTER 1:   Introduction 1

CHAPTER 2:   Methods of the Synopsis

CHAPTER 3:   Maternal Demographical Factors

CHAPTER 4:   Maternal Anthropometric Characteristics

CHAPTER 5:   Intergenerational Influences, Paternal and Fetal Factors

CHAPTER 6:   Maternal Medical Factors

CHAPTER 7:   Pregnancy with Multiple Fetuses

CHAPTER 8:   Race/Ethnicity and Psychosocial Factors/Stress/Socioeconomic Factors

CHAPTER 9:   Lifestyle Factors

CHAPTER 10: Environmental Factors

CHAPTER 11: Occupational Factors, Noise, Violence and Maternal Trauma

CHAPTER 12: Nutritional Factors/Interventions

CHAPTER 13: Infections

CHAPTER 14: Antenatal Care and Early Detection of At-Risk Fetuses

CHAPTER 15: Secondary Prevention for Preterm Birth and Fetal Growth Restriction

CHAPTER 16: Summary and Conclusions

Glossary of Terms

 

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[EQ] How Much Should We Spend on Mental Health?

How Much Should We Spend on Mental Health?

 

Kim-Lian Lim, Department of Economics, National University of Singapore

Philip Jacobs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta and Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alberta

Carolyn Dewa, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario

The Institute of Health Economics (IHE), Edmonton, AB, Canada  2008

 

Available online as PDF file [64p.] at: http://www.ihe.ca/documents/Spending%20on%20Mental%20Health%20Final.pdf

 

“…..The question of “How much should we spend on mental health?” has been raised in several eminent national and provincial reports on health care. It is a very far-reaching question and so, not surprisingly, has been approached in different ways. In this monograph we present an economic overview of the economic approaches to this question.

 

We first present an explanation of the different notions of cost, in order to clarify what is being measured. We then present four different approaches that have been used in a variety of contexts to address the issue of government spending – the Benchmark Approach, the Behavioral Approach, the Budgeting Approach and the Economic Evaluation or Cost-Benefit Approach. Finally, we present examples of the use of two of these approaches in the Canadian context. …”

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Chapter 1 – Introduction

Chapter 2 – What Costs and Expenditures are We Addressing?

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Expenditure and Cost Measures

2.3 Alternative Measures of Economic Burden

2.4 How Much Should We Spend on Mental Health?

Chapter 3 – How Much Do We Spend on Mental Health?

3.1 Introduction .

3.2 Prevalence of Mental Disorders, Substance Use Disorders and Suicide

3.3 Disease Burden

3.4 Estimates of Economic Costs

3.5 Alternative Measures of Economic Burden

3.6 Relative Cost and Expenditure Ratios

Chapter 4 – How Do We Decide How Much to Spend on Mental Health?

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The “Benchmark” Approach .

4.3 The Behavioral Approach

4.4 The Budgeting Approach

4.5 The Economic Evaluation Approach

Chapter 5 – How Much We Should Spend on Mental Health

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The “Benchmark” Approach

5.3 The Budgeting Approach

5.4 Why Do We Need More Mental Health Dollars?

5.5 Assumptions for Estimating How Much More We Need to Spend Using the Budgeting Approach

5.6 A Rough Estimate of How Much More We Need to Spend

5.7 Conclusion

References

 

 

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[EQ] Trade and health: an agenda for action

Trade and health: an agenda for action

 

Prof Richard D Smith PhD a , Kelley Lee PhD b, Nick Drager PhD c

a Health Policy Unit, Department of Public Health and Policy, and Centre on Global Change and Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK

b Centre on Global Change and Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK

c Department of Ethics, Equity, Trade and Human Rights, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

 

The Lancet, Volume 373, Issue 9665, Pages 768 - 773, 28 February 2009

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61780-8C

 

Summary: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(08)61780-8/fulltext

 

“…..The processes of contemporary globalisation are creating ever-closer ties between individuals and populations across different countries. The health of a population, and the systems in place to deliver health care, are affected increasingly by factors beyond the population and health system.

 

The Lancet's Series on trade and health has provided an overview of these links between international trade, trade liberalisation, and health, and raised the key issues that face the health community. In this final paper in the Series, we call for a substantial and sustained effort by those within the health profession to engage with issues of trade, to strengthen institutional capacity in this area, and to place health higher on the agenda of trade negotiations.

 

The rapid rise of trade agreements and treaties, as well as trade that occurs beyond these institutional boundaries, means that further action is required by a range of actors, including WHO, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization (WTO), regional agencies, foundations, national governments, civil society, non-governmental organisations, and academics.

 

The stewardship of a domestic health system in the 21st century requires a sophisticated understanding of how trade affects, and will affect, a country's health system and policy, to optimise opportunities to benefit health and health care while minimising the risks posed though the assertion of health goals in trade policy. To acheive this will place a premium on all those engaged in health to understand the importance of trade and to engage with their counterparts involved in trade and trade policy….….”

 

 

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Thursday, February 26, 2009

[EQ] Reducing the Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases: Addressing the Causes of the Causes

Reducing the Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases: Addressing the Causes of the Causes

 

Venice, Italy  - From 7th to 12th June 2009

University of Padua  - Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia - Università degli Studi di Padova

 

Course participants will enhance their skills in analyzing the determinants of NCD, in working across sectors, and in promoting interventions to reduce the burden of NCD and health inequities.

 

http://www.medicina.unipd.it/on-line/Home/International/News/articolo921.html

and http://www.sabiwork.it/show_details.php?id=150

 

“..... there is an urgent need globally to focus on the upstream causes of ill-health, and addressing the “causes of the causes” is probably the most efficient way of prevention of chronic diseases. Tackling health’s social and economic determinants also means reorienting efforts within the health sector, working with other sectors, including finance and education, and engaging the civil society, thus adopting a “health-in-all-policies” approach.

Objectives of the Course: The Course will explore the evidence and the frameworks used to address the burden of noncommunicable diseases through action on
1. the social determinants of health (e.g. urbanization, income, education, trade)
2. the conventional risk factors. (tobacco, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol)
Course participants will enhance their skills in analyzing the determinants of NCD, in working across sectors, and in promoting interventions to reduce the burden of NCD and health inequities. The ultimate goal is to reduce health inequities, especially within countries, and to promote development.

Teaching methods: The Course will consist of lectures, discussion of case studies, workshops and group work. All participants will be asked to take part in seminars, workshops, and interactive panel discussions.

Faculty: The course is organized by the University of Padua in collaboration with the Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion of the WHO in Geneva, the WHO European Office for Investment for Health and Development in Venice, the ULSS 12-Venice, and the Veneto Region.

Faculty members include professors and researchers from Padua University, University College London (Great Britain), the University of East Anglia (Great Britain), the Medical University of Graz (Austria), the University of Beijing (China), the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (India), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (France), WHO and other European and extra-European academic and public institutions.

Participants: This course is intended for a maximum of 20 professionals working at middle to top managerial levels in health related sectors with an interest in promoting equity and reducing the burden of NCD. Five additional places will be reserved to researchers and postgraduate students who seek to strengthen their understanding of how addressing the social context will improve the health of individuals and communities, and promote sustainable development.

A certificate of attendance will be awarded to all participants who successfully complete the Course and participate fully in all seminars.

Bursaries: a number of bursaries may be available.Further information soon available in this website.


Contacts:

Course Coordinator: Dr Flavio Lirussi, fli@ihd.euro.who.int, tel +39.041.2793841
Scientific Secretariat: Dr Benedetta Bixio - Dr Vania Cesco, tel +39.049.8213948/8681, e-mail b.bixio@unipd.it
Organizing Agency: SabiWork, tel +39.049.7387069, e-mail segreteria@sabiwork.it

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Wednesday, February 25, 2009

[EQ] Directory of Grants and Fellowships in the Global Health Sciences

Directory of Grants and Fellowships in the Global Health Sciences

Fogarty International Center - National Institutes of Health, NIH
Bethesda, MD USA

Website: http://www.fic.nih.gov/funding/directory_fellowships.htm

A comprehensive compilation of international funding opportunities in biomedical and behavioral research, separated by category.

This table separates the Grants and Fellowships into different categories.
For example, those interested only in grants and fellowships for health professionals should click on the link in column 1 row 2.

Pre-doctoral/Graduate

Post-doctoral

Faculty

Health Professionals

Institutions

Addendum: Travel

 

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[EQ] Self evaluation model and tool on the respect of Children's Rights in Hospital

Self-evaluation model and tool on the respect of Children's Rights in Hospital

 

Task force on Health Promotion  for Children and Adolescents constituted within the 'International Network on Health Promoting Hospitals and Health Services' with the contribution of WHO, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, England's Healthcare Commission and the Greek Ombudsman. 2009

 

PDF Available online at:

http://who.collaboratingcentre.meyer.it/meyer_pro/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=117&Itemid=46

 

Website: http://who.collaboratingcentre.meyer.it

 

“……This model is inspired in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), in particular its general principles on  non-discrimination (art. 2), on best interests of the child (art. 3 (1), on life, survival and development (art. 6) and on the respect for the views of the child (art. 12).

 

The tool identifies 12 rights - divided in three areas:
- Right to the highest attainable standard of health care,
- Right to information and participation in all decisions involving their health care,
- Right to protection from all forms of violence)
  -  and suggest questions and  criteria to implement the self-evaluation model and tool on the respect of children's rights in hospital.

 

Theoretically, the model follows the general principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The specific objective of the model is to assess the gap between the full respect of children’s rights in hospital and the actual practice, as a basis to promote improvement and change in that setting through the development of standards, taking of actions and further assessment and feedback, monitoring gaps and produce change.

By making the model and tool available online, our purpose is to disseminate it to Paediatric Hospitals and Departments throughout Europe and beyond and to provide them with a practical model and tool for the self-assessment and improvement of the respect of children’s rights in hospitals.

 

 

 

 

Or

 

 

 

 

 

Mr. Fabrizio Simonelli, Head, Health Promotion Programme

WHO Collaborating Centre for Health Promotion Capacity Building in Child and Adolescent Health

A.Meyer University Children's Hospital

Viale Pieraccini, 28

50139 Firenze (IT) http://who.collaboratingcentre.meyer.it -- http://www.retehphtoscana.it

 

 

 

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[EQ] Learning from our Neighbours: Cross-national inspiration for Dutch public health policies: smoking, alcohol, overweight, depression, health inequalities, youth, screening

Learning from our Neighbours

Cross-national inspiration for Dutch public health policies: smoking, alcohol, overweight, depression, health inequalities, youth, screening

 

Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, within the framework of International Comparisons of Public Health

Van der Wilk, EA, Melse, JM, Den Broeder, JM,; Achterberg, PA,

National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) - The Netherlands

Report 270626001/2008

 

Available online PDF [208p.] at: http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/270626001.pdf

 

“…..Public health policies in other countries can be highly educative and inspiring

This report, 'Learning from our neighbours', describes how different countries design their public health policies with the aim to inspire and educate.

 

The seven chapters in this report – each of which can be read individually – describe several examples of public health policies applied in other countries. The report examines the policies on the lifestyle-related factors smoking, alcohol and obesity, and the policy on depression, which are examined against all of the

spearheads of the recent Dutch ministerial prevention memorandum ‘Opting for a healthy life’.

 

The report goes on to describe the policies other countries apply in areas that are also important in the Netherlands, such as health inequalities and youth. And finally, the report discusses the policies that different countries apply in the constantly evolving area of screening. For each chapter the international context and policy frameworks are briefly described for each theme.

 

The examples discussed in this report about health policy applied in other countries may inspire the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (VWS) and other parties to follow new paths and may also provide useful information on how these paths could be organized. Due to the many differences in how countries organize and finance their public health policy and health care systems, it may not always be possible to implement the examples described without some adaptation. Yet,

together with the international frameworks, they stimulate us to take a fresh look at our own public health policy. The key findings of this study are discussed below. Considering the diversity of subjects in this report and the emphasis on examples, each theme has a list of ‘inspirations and observations’…..”

 

 

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[EQ] Healthy services research. The future of health services research in The Netherlands

Healthy services research. The future of health services research in The Netherlands

 

Advisory Council on Health Research
The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands, 2008; RGO no. 59E.

ISBN-13: 978-90-5549-743-0

 

Available online PDF [82p.] at: http://www.gr.nl/pdf.php?ID=1776&p=1

 

“…..In response to questions from the Lower House of Parliament about the knowledge infrastructure for health sciences the Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport has identified the need for an analysis by the Advisory Council on Health Research (RGO).

The minister formulated two central questions:
‘... whether the knowledge infrastructure is of sufficient size and stability to properly address the questions regarding developments in the health care system now and in the future’ and
‘... whether there is a good balance between free risky innovative research and demand guided research’. For both questions he requested
‘... a good analysis and a convincing answer’ by the RGO.

Health services research in this advisory document Health services research addresses the structure, organisation, functioning and effects of health services, and the ways in which these interact with demand for, and use of, these health services. Health services research covers the whole field of health care, i.e. cure, care and preventive healthcare.

 

The Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport formulated the Societal Tasks as a guiding principle for the knowledge and innovation agenda of the health care sector. These tasks have recently been updated and are as follows:

1 Anticipating a growing and changing demand for healthcare

2 Living longer in good health and participate longer in society

3 Quality of care and patient safety

4 Good management and governance in the healthcare sector

5 Managing limited healthcare resources (shortages and risks)……”

 

 

Content:
Executive summary

 

1 Introduction

1.1 Why this report?

1.2 Definitions

1.3 Organisation of the work

1.4 Structure of the report

2 Health services research in support of the societal tasks

2.1 The domain of health services research

2.2 Societal issues and societal tasks in healthcare

2.3 The role of health services research

3 The knowledge infrastructure for knowledge production and knowledge use

3.1 Introduction

3.2 From knowledge production to knowledge use

3.3 Developments since 1994

3.4 Research and research infrastructure

3.5 The knowledge cycle and knowledge infrastructure

3.6 Conclusion

4 Conclusions and recommendations

4.1 The research infrastructure

4.2 Knowledge exploitation

References

 

Annexes

A Advisory Council on Health Research

B The committee

C Historical context: health services research since 1994

D Nature and extent of health services research in the Netherlands

E ‘Health Services Research: Lessons from Abroad’

 

 

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