Thursday, December 2, 2010

[EQ] Financing Global Health 2010: Development assistance and country spending in economic uncertainty

Financing Global Health 2010:
Development assistance and country spending in economic uncertainty

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation - Seattle, WA: IHME, 2010.

Available online at: http://bit.ly/ewXYo0

November 30, 2010–“…..Financing Global Health 2010: Development assistance and country spending in economic uncertainty shows the continued rise in development assistance for health globally and provides a comprehensive picture of the total amount of health funding flowing from aid agencies, governments, and private donors to developing countries.

 

It also shows the dramatic increase in health spending by developing countries on their own health projects and the way development assistance for health appears to affect those domestic funding decisions….”

 

The report provides a comprehensive picture of the total amount of health funding between 1990 and 2008 from aid agencies and governments in 23 developed countries, multilateral institutions, and hundreds of nonprofit groups and charities.

 

The report’s findings include:

 

·          Country governments and private donors are driving the increases in development assistance for health. The US government and private donors in the US made up one-half of all funding in 2008.

·          US-based NGOs have been hit hard by the economic downturn, and the amount of health funding spent by them decreased 24% from 2009 to 2010.

·          Significant improvements in transparency make it easier to track how health funds are being used. In 1990, 65% of all public health funding from donor countries was considered “unspecified,” with no information available about the primary recipient of the funds. In 2008, that fraction had dropped to 1%. In the US, more than 30% of all funding was unspecified as recently as 2007. By 2008, though, the US government reported detailed information for 100% of its health assistance.

·          Spending on HIV/AIDS programs has continued to rise at a strong rate, making HIV/AIDS the most funded of all health focus areas. Funding for maternal, newborn, and child health received about half as much funding as HIV/AIDS as of 2008.

·          Malaria and tuberculosis are often included with AIDS as top priorities in combating infectious diseases, but both receive far less funding than AIDS: $1.19 billion for malaria in 2008 and $0.83 billion for tuberculosis. Funding for malaria and tuberculosis also appears to go to countries that do not have large groups at risk for these diseases. For example, of the 30 countries that receive the most malaria health funding adjusted for disease burden, only three – Eritrea, Sao Tome and Principe, and Swaziland – are located in sub-Saharan Africa, where malaria is most acute.

·          Despite much discussion about the need for general health sector support, funding for that area has grown slowly since 2006. Funding for noncommunicable diseases, another popular topic among global health advocates, represents just 0.5% of all development assistance for health.

·         The commitment to health in the developing world grew dramatically over the past two decades. Governments of developing countries increased spending on health.

·         In countries whose governments receive significant donor funding, development assistance for health appears to be partially replacing domestic health spending instead of fully supplementing it. Conversely, in countries that receive health funding mainly through NGOs, government health spending appears to increase….”

 

Content:
Report Overview  

Chapter 1: Tracking development assistance for health  

Chapter 2: Distribution of development assistance for health  

Chapter 3: Spending on health by developing country governments  

Chapter 4: Impact on development assistance for health on country spending  

Conclusion and References  

Methods annex

Statistical annex

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[EQ] Gobernanza en Sistemas de Salud: estrategias d e Protecci=?iso-8859-1?Q?=F3n?= Social en la Salud de los Migrantes

Gobernanza en Sistemas de Salud: 
conceptos, aportes y evidencias para el avance de estrategias de Protección  Social en la Salud de los Migrantes

Armando Arredondo, Emanuel Orozco, Steven Wallace y Michael Rodríguez.

Coedición: INSP-UCLA Center for Health Policy Research-Univ. Autonoma de Yucatán. 2010
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD PÚBLICA - Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud - Mexico

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES - Center for Health Policy Research - USA

UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE YUCATÁN - Facultad de Ciencias Antropológicas-  Mexico

Disponible en PDF [186p.] URL: http://bit.ly/hXCKvG 

 

 “…..los resultados presentados en este libro señalan una nueva línea de investigación con nuevas hipótesis de trabajo y propuestas para el estudio de la protección social en salud de la población migrante que puedan ser utilizadas para impactar e incidir en las políticas públicas de salud para esta población y sus familias….” [Violeta Guzmán Medina]

 

“…….Como parte de las principales expectativas empíricas del estudio se resalta que “ El análisis de gobernanza en el ámbito de las políticas públicas de desarrollo social, permite identificar una lista de actores y factores determinantes que contribuyan al desarrollo de acciones de carácter binacional para el avance de estrategias de protección social de los migrantes” y que “Las estrategias de protección social en salud están mas identificadas con el desarrollo o la existencia de opciones de seguros médicos privados que con el compromiso del estado en garantizar acceso y cobertura a un mínimo de servicios de salud para los migrantes en ambos lados de la frontera y con un carácter binacional de políticas públicas”.

 

En este sentido las preguntas centrales que se abordan en este libro son: ¿Qué indicadores de gobernanza se pueden identificar en el desarrollo del sistema de protección social en salud para los emigrantes y sus familiares tanto en México como en California? ¿A partir de los hallazgos sobre gobernanza y desde la perspectiva de los actores sociales involucrados, cuáles serían los posibles escenarios y estrategias de mayor factibilidad en el desarrollo acciones de carácter binacional sobre protección social en la salud de los migrantes?...” [au]

 

 

Contenido

Prólogo

Resúmen ejecutivo


CAPÍTULO 1: ANTECEDENTES Y JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA DE ESTUDIO

Protección Social y Desigualdades en Salud

Gobernanza, Protección Social y Protección Financiera en la Salud

Gobernanza y Protección Social en Salud

El Sistema de Atención a la Salud en los E.E.U.U.

Protección Social en Salud y Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte

Protección Social y Salud de los Migrantes

Planteamiento y Definición del Problema

El Problema y las Preguntas de Investigación

Objetivos y Expectativas Empíricas


CAPÍTULO 2: NIVELES DE APROXIMACIÓN CONCEPTUAL: GOBERNANZA, PROTECCIÓN SOCIAL Y ESCENARIOS DE FACTIBILIDAD


Consideraciones Conceptuales sobre Gobernanza en Salud

Consideraciones Generales sobre Protección Social en Salud

Estrategias y Políticas de Protección Social en Salud

Construcción de Escenarios de Factibilidad


CAPÍTULO 3: NIVELES DE APROXIMACIÓN METODOLÓGICA: MAPEO DE ACTORES ESTUDIO DE CASO Y ENTREVISTAS A PROFUNDIDAD


Resumen Metodológico

Reporte de Fase 1: Implementación en cada País

Reporte de Fase 2: Metodología que se concretó para estudio de caso

Reporte de Fase 3: Plan de Análisis Documental Escenarios de Factibilidad Análisis de Confiabilidad y Validez


CAPÍTULO 4: RESULTADOS FASE 1: SISTEMAS DE SALUD Y PROTECCIÓN SOCIAL, BARRERAS Y OPORTUNIDADES EN UN CONTEXTO BINACIONAL


Revisión y Análisis de los Sistemas y Seguros de Salud en el contexto del TLC

Oportunidades y Barreras para una Política de Salud de carácter Binacional


CAPÍTULO 5: RESULTADOS DE FASE 2: INDICADORES DE GOBERNANZA Y ESCENARIOS DE FACTIBILIDAD

Resultados sobre Análisis Político, Indicadores de Gobernanza y Protección Social en Salud

Oportunidades y Obstáculos para el Desarrollo de Políticas de Protección

Social en Salud con carácter Binacional

Análisis sobre indicadores de Gobernanza y Escenarios de Factibilidad


CAPÍTULO 6: DESAFÍOS, OPORTUNIDADES Y SUGERENCIAS PARA AVANZAR EN LA PROTECCIÓN SOCIAL DE LOS MIGRANTES
EN LOS SISTEMAS DE SALUD DE MÉXICO Y E.U.A

Discusión y Conclusiones sobre Objetivos y Expectativas Empíricas

Indicadores de Gobernanza

Oportunidades y Obstáculos para el desarrollo de una Política Binacional de Protección Social en la Salud

Desafíos y Principales Escenarios

Sugerencias para Uso y Promoción de las Principales de Resultados del Proyecto

REFERENCIAS

 *      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]
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and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
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[EQ] Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Development

Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Development

 

Background document for the Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Development: Research Dissemination Workshop
December 20, 2010, Washington DC

Gillette Hall, Visiting Associate Professor, Georgetown University

Harry Patrinos, Lead Education Economist, Human Development Network – Education - Draft Manuscript April, 2010

Study supported by The Trust Fund for Environmentally & Socially Sustainable Development (TFESSD).

Sponsor: Human Development Network and Social Development the World Bank

The study offers a "global snapshot" of a set of indicators for Indigenous Peoples vis-à-vis national demographic averages

Available online PDF [339p.] at: http://bit.ly/ihAZ0h

 

“…..This book provides a cross-country assessment of poverty and socio-economic indicators for indigenous peoples. It is motivated by a recent study of indigenous peoples in Latin America (Hall and Patrinos 2006), which finds high poverty rates among these groups, and little to no improvement in poverty rates over time, and a continued interest in indigenous peoples socioeconomic status worldwide. Information on indigenous peoples‘ status by country, as well as analysis of the core drivers of poverty and movements out of poverty, remains lacking and is a significant constraint in implementing policies for the advancement of indigenous peoples across the developing world.

Building on this earlier work, the objective of this project is to assess the extent to which findings from Latin America apply to indigenous peoples in other regions. As such, it explores the extent to which evidence from across the developing world – including Asia and Africa - supports the hypothesis that poverty and deprivation is more severe among indigenous peoples, but more importantly, whether poverty and other trends over time indicate a similar disconnect between indigenous peoples and the overall economy in the countries where they live.

The report provides, first, an overview of results for a set of international development indicators, based on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), for indigenous peoples, compiled for all countries for which data are readily available, and, second, detailed case studies for seven countries, four in Asia (China, India, Laos and Vietnam) and three in Africa (Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Gabon). Together with earlier case studies for five Latin American countries (Hall and Patrinos 2006), the case study results cover over 85 percent of the world‘s indigenous population.

By providing disaggregated data on indigenous peoples, the report is designed to facilitate improved monitoring of national poverty reduction strategies and progress towards international goals (such as the MDGs), allowing indicators to be assessed not only for national averages, but also disaggregated for indigenous peoples…..”

Workshop website: http://bit.ly/eIGyUf

 

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. Becoming indigenous

3. Indigenous peoples and development goals: a global snapshot

4. Central Africa: the case of the pygmies

5. China: a case study in rapid poverty reduction

6. India: the scheduled tribes

7. Laos: ethno-linguistic diversity and disadvantage

8. Vietnam: a widening poverty gap for ethnic minorities

9. Towards a better future for the world’s indigenous peoples

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
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[EQ] Health equity in Brazil

Analysis

Health equity in Brazil


Frederico C Guanais, health senior specialist, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC, USA

BMJ 2010; 341:c6542 doi: 10.1136/bmj.c6542 -  29 November 2010 -

Available online at: http://bit.ly/gBpBGd

“…..When Brazil emerged from nearly 20 years of military dictatorship in 1988 it was a very unequal society: the wealthiest 10% of Brazilians held 49.5% of the national income; the poorest 10% were left with just 0.7%. One of the pillars of redemocratisation was a new federal constitution that for the first time in Brazilian history obliged the state to provide universal and equitable access to health services. An integrated health system was established, coordinating health services at all levels of government, following principles of decentralisation, and giving priority to prevention.

Today, the unified health system (known as SUS) offers comprehensive coverage to all, but it is mostly used by people on lower incomes. Despite the achievements of the past two decades, gradients in health status and access to health services persist along the lines of income, educational background, race, and region.1 2 This article considers progress and continued challenges towards health equity in Brazil. ….”

 



Editorial

Brazil’s Family Health Programme

Matthew Harris, academic clinical fellow in public health, Andy Haines, professor of public health and primary care
BMJ 2010; 341:c4945 doi: 10.1136/bmj.c4945 (Published 29 November 2010)

Available at: http://bit.ly/g7h5ip

A cost effective success that higher income countries could learn from….

 

Feature
Brazil: Economic success threatens aspirations of Brazil’s public health system

Tom Hennigan

BMJ 2010; 341:c5453 doi: 10.1136/bmj.c5453 (Published 29 November 2010)  
Available at: http://bit.ly/gIU96b

 

 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]
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“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
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