Health Equity: 06/19/12

Tuesday, June 19, 2012

[EQ] Chronic Diseases, Primary Care and Health Systems Performance

Chronic Diseases, Primary Care and Health Systems Performance

Diagnostics, Tools and Interventions

Inter-American Development Bank

Social Sector - Social Protection and Health Division

James Macinko, Inês Dourado, Frederico C. Guanais

Available online PDF [35p] at: http://bit.ly/M0pF4f

Español:
Enfermedades Crónicas, Atención Primaria y Desempeño de los Sistemas de Salud

Diagnóstico, herramientas e intervenciones

PDF enlace: http://bit.ly/M4gFxp

Português:

Doenças Crônicas, Atenção Primária e Desempenho dos Sistemas de Saúde

Diagnósticos, instrumentos e intervenções
PDF : http://bit.ly/MDuYr9

“……..The burden of chronic disease in Latin America and the Caribbean is large and growing.

The four main chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) - cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung diseases and diabetes - kill three in five people worldwide. Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries currently face the double burden of NCD in addition to the continued burden of reproductive and communicable diseases and child malnutrition and anemia--especially in poor communities.

Growing exposure to risk factors in combination with low levels of access to preventive care are increasing unmet health needs. LAC has been experiencing a “nutrition transition” towards less healthy diets. Thirty to sixty percent of the region’s population does not achieve the minimum recommended levels of physical activity and obesity is rising rapidly. Inadequate access to high quality health services, including clinical prevention and diagnostic services and difficult access to essential medicines are significant contributing factors to the growing burden of chronic disease.

This chronic disease burden is expected to increase due to the aging of the population and to the relative decline in the proportion of communicable diseases. Predictions for the next two decades show a near tripling of diabetic patients, ischemic heart disease and stroke mortality in LAC.

“…………Primary care contributes to NCD prevention and control through primary prevention of risk factors (promotion of physical activity, discouragement of smoking initiation), secondary prevention of complications resulting from existing risk factors, and tertiary prevention (rehabilitation and prevention of future complications resulting from stroke or uncontrolled diabetes). There is varied evidence of the effectiveness of primary care to perform all of these functions….”

KMC/2012/HSS
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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues. [DD/ KMC Area]
Washington DC USA

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and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
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[EQ] The State of Canada's Cities and Communities 2012

The State of Canada’s Cities and Communities 2012

Federation of Canadian Municipalities

Ottawa, Ontario Canada – 2012

Available online PDF [65p.] at: http://bit.ly/KxmnHt

The investments of the last few years have clearly benefited our communities and our country. In addition to fighting the recession, they have made it possible for local governments to make some of their most urgent, but previously unfunded, infrastructure investments.

What is less clear, however, is how much we have done to fix the underlying causes that led to years of decline in our cities and communities. If we want recent progress to be more than a temporary pause in a downward spiral – if we want it to be the start of a lasting turnaround in our cities and communities – then we need to make sure we are doing more than treating the symptoms of a deeper sickness.

That is the purpose of this report: to help us understand the underlying health of Canada’s cities and communities in 2012. Given the scope and complexity of the question, this report does not pretend to be comprehensive or to give the last word on the issue. It is just one contribution to an important and pressing conversation.

The report is structured in two parts:

-. Part One reviews the underlying causes of the growing challenges that have played out in Canada’s cities and communities during the past two-and-a-half decades. It looks at the progress Canada has made in addressing these issues in recent years, and examines current trends to see where our cities and communities are headed and what new challenges they will face.

- Part Two looks at the state of intergovernmental cooperation in Canada, and reviews the progress Canada has made on that front over the years

Table of Contents

Introduction

Part 1: Investing in Our Communities

Chapter 1: State of Municipal Finances

Chapter 2: State of Federal Investments

Part 2: Working Together for Canadians

Chapter 3: State of the Partnership: Towards a Seat at the Table

Chapter 4: State of Policing and Public Safety

Chapter 5: State of Affordable Housing (by the Quality of Life Reporting System

Chapter 6: State of the Environment: Cities and Communities Acting Locally

KMC/2012/SDE
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho

* * *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues. [DD/ KMC Area]
Washington DC USA

Thank you.