Wednesday, March 31, 2010

[EQ] Directory of Grants and Fellowships in the Global Health Sciences

Directory of Grants and Fellowships in the Global Health Sciences

Fogarty International Center - National Institutes of Health, NIH
Bethesda, MD USA

Website: http://www.fic.nih.gov/funding/directory_fellowships.htm

A comprehensive compilation of international funding opportunities in biomedical and behavioral research, separated by category.

This table separates the Grants and Fellowships into different categories.
For example, those interested only in grants and fellowships for health professionals should click on the link in column 1 row 2.

Pre-doctoral/Graduate

Post-doctoral

Faculty

Health Professionals

Institutions

Addendum: Travel

 



*      *      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate

information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic

health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;

Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings

and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American

Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO website: http://66.101.212.219/equity/

Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho

 

 

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.  

Tuesday, March 30, 2010

[EQ] On Sick individuals and sick populations

Rose's population strategy of prevention need not increase social inequalities in health


Lindsay McLaren*, Lynn McIntyre and Sharon Kirkpatrick

Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
International Journal of Epidemiology 2010 39(2):372-377; doi:10.1093/ije/dyp315


Website: http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/39/2/372

“……Geoffrey Rose's 1985 paper, Sick individuals and sick populations, continues to spark debate and discussion. Since this original publication, there have been two notable challenges to Rose's population strategy of prevention.
First, identification of high-risk individuals has improved considerably in accuracy, which some believe obviates the need for population-wide prevention strategies. Secondly, and more recently, it has been suggested that population strategies of prevention may inadvertently worsen social inequalities in health.

We argue that population prevention will not necessarily worsen social inequalities in health, and the likelihood of it doing so will depend on whether the prevention strategy is more structural (targets conditions in which behaviours occur) or agentic (targets behaviour change among individuals) in nature. Also, there are potential drawbacks of approaches that focus on discrete populations (i.e. high risk or vulnerable) that need to be considered when selecting a strategy. Although Rose's ideas need to be continually scrutinized, his population strategy of prevention still holds considerable merit for improving population health and narrowing social inequalities in health…”

 

Rose G.
Sick individuals and sick populations.
Int J Epidemiol (1985) 14:32–8 .
[Reprinted in Int J Epidemiol 2001;30:427–32].[Abstract/Free Full Text]


“…..
Aetiology confronts two distinct issues: the determinants of individual cases, and the determinants of incidence rate. If exposure to a necessary agent is homogeneous within a population, then case/control and cohort methods will fail to detect it: they will only identify markers of susceptibility. The corresponding strategies in control are the ‘high-risk’ approach, which seeks to protect susceptible individuals, and the population approach, which seeks to control the causes of incidence. The two approaches are not usually in competition, but the prior concern should always be to discover and control the causes of incidence. ….”

 

Katherine L Frohlich and Louise Potvin

Commentary:

Structure or agency? The importance of both for addressing social inequalities in health

IJE Advance Access published on January 25, 2010

Int. J. Epidemiol. 2010 39: 378-379; doi:10.1093/ije/dyp372 [Extract] [Full Text] [PDF]

 

D. G. Manuel and L. C. Rosella

Commentary:
Assessing population (baseline) risk is a cornerstone of population health planning--looking forward to address new challenges

Int. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2010; 39(2): 380 - 382. [Full Text] [PDF]  



 

 *      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO Website

Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho


    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.  

[EQ] Investing Wisely in Child Survival with the Lives Saved Tool (LiST)

Investing Wisely in Child Survival with the Lives Saved Tool (LiST)


March 29, 2010 - Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

 

LiST Website: http://www.jhsph.edu/dept/ih/IIP/list/index.html

“….The International Journal of Epidemiology published a special issue today chronicling the development and recent use of the Lives Saved Tool (LiST)—a user-friendly computer program that helps donor agencies and governments make investments in child survival programs for maximum impact. LiST was developed in the Child Health Epidemiology Research Group (CHERG) with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through the U.S. Fund for UNICEF.

The special issue of International Journal of Epidemiology was edited by Neff Walker, PhD, a senior scientist with the Department of International Health at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and is now available online (http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol39/suppl_1/ ).

Millions of mothers and children die every year because they do not receive basic care. While it is currently impossible to provide comprehensive care to all of them, LiST shows what interventions have the potential to avert the most deaths. The computer program can provide information for specific countries and regions based on estimates of disease burden and intervention effectiveness. The articles in this issue present the underlying modeling approach used to develop LiST, reviews of specific intervention effectiveness incorporated into the program, and examples of LiST predictions compared to observed results. 

 

Years of work by the CHERG, an independent reference group for UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO), provide the foundation for calculations performed by LiST, and many of the articles included in the supplement address the effectiveness of specific interventions upon which estimates are based….”

Lives Saved Tool (LiST)


A computer-based tool that allows users to set up and run multiple scenarios to look at the estimated impact of different intervention packages and coverage levels for their countries, states or districts.

These scenarios, developed with the LiST tool, provide a structured format for program managers or ministry of health personnel to combine the best scientific information about effectiveness of interventions for maternal, neonatal and child health with information about cause of death and current coverage of interventions to inform their planning and decision-making, to help prioritize investments and evaluate existing programs.

A consortium of academic and international organizations, led by Institute of International Programs at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School, and supported by a Gates Foundation grant to the US Fund for UNICEF, has developed a user-friendly tool to estimate the impact of scaling-up maternal, newborn and child health interventions

Commentary:
LiST: using epidemiology to guide child survival policymaking and programming
Cesar G Victora
Department of Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/39/suppl_1/i1

 *      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO Website

Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.  

[EQ] A healthy city is an active city: a physical activity planning guide

A healthy city is an active city: a physical activity planning guide

Peggy Edwards and Agis D. Tsouros

WHO Regional Office for Europe - ISBN 978 92 890 4291 8


Available online PDF [90p.] at: http://www.euro.who.int/document/E91883.pdf

“…..With this guide, city leaders can create a plan for physical activity, active living and sport in their city or community.

 

It describes how the approach relates to the Healthy Cities movement, why people need active living opportunities and who to involve; how to create, implement and evaluate the plan; and what tools, good examples and other sources to use.

 

The guide will be invaluable not only to city leaders and local governments, but also to all those they seek to involve in the process: city departments, nongovernmental organizations, schools and educators, the health sector, the private sector and residents themselves…..”

Content:

1. Introduction

2. A comprehensive approach to active living in the city

3. Who does what?.

Partners for active living

Public sector

Civil society . .

Private sector .

Part 2. Creating and implementing a physical activity plan

Part 3. Resources

7. Tools .

Tool 1. Identifying potential partners for a physical activity task force or leadership group .

Tool 2. Opportunities for physical activity: a community assessment tool .

Tool 3. A sample walkability audit

Tool 4. How cycling-friendly is your city?.

Tool 5. How well are our schools doing? A sample report card for physical activity

Tool 6. Special events . . . .

Tool 7. A checklist for identifying activities with which to proceed

8. Learning from others: examples from cities in Europe .

9. Key sources for further information

References

 

*      *      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate

information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic

health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;

Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings

and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American

Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO website: http://66.101.212.219/equity/

Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.  

[EQ] Global Symposium on Health Systems Research - Call for abstracts

Global Symposium on Health Systems Research

Montreux, Switzerland  16-19 November 2010
The Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research - An international collaboration based in WHO Geneva

           Website: http://www.hsr-symposium.org/

Call for abstracts: Science to Accelerate Universal Health Coverage

Deadline: 30 April 2010

“….To share evidence, identify significant knowledge gaps, and set a research agenda that reflects the needs of low and middle-income countries.

 

The symposium will be dedicated to improving the scientific evidence needed by health policy-makers and practitioners to inform their decisions related to accelerating universal health coverage.

 

Achieving and sustaining universal health coverage requires attention to a broad range of issues that are central to health systems performance.

This includes drawing on the six interdependent health system building blocks
– finance, workforce, services, technologies, information, and governance –

and understanding how policies and programmes from within and beyond the health sector can be developed and implemented effectively, efficiently, and equitably.

 

Although universal health coverage is highly country and context specific, rigorous scientific research has the potential to generate evidence to inform better policy and practice within and across countries. For example, robust methodologies could be instrumental in identifying how the services for HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, immunization and maternal and child health can be scaled up to reach the poor and disadvantaged more quickly and sustainably in low-income countries.

 

Similarly, prospective monitoring and evaluation of universal health coverage policies in middle-income countries can help to better target the vulnerable populations and make important mid-course corrections.

The specific objectives of the symposium are to:   

 

• share state-of-the art research on universal health coverage;

• develop a global agenda of priority research on accelerating progress towards universal health coverage;

• facilitate greater research collaboration and learning communities across disciplines, sectors, initiatives and countries;

• strengthen the scientific rigor of the field of health systems research including concepts, frameworks, measures and methods;

• identify mechanisms for strengthening capacities – individual, institutional and infrastructural
   – for research on health systems particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

 

 

*      *      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate

information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic

health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;

Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings

and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American

Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO website: http://66.101.212.219/equity/

Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.  

Monday, March 29, 2010

[EQ] An evaluation of gender equity in different models of primary care practices in Ontario

An evaluation of gender equity in different models of primary care practices in Ontario
 

Simone Dahrouge1,§, William Hogg1,2,3, Meltem Tuna1, Grant Russell1,2,3, Rose Anne Devlin3, Peter Tugwell3,4,  Elisabeth Kristjansoon4

 

1 C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Élisabeth Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

2  University of Ottawa, Department of Family Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

3  University of Ottawa, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

4 University of Ottawa, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

BMC Public Health March 2010, 10:151 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-151

Available online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/10/151

 

PDF [28p.] at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2458-10-151.pdf

The World Health Organization calls for more work evaluating the effect of health care reforms on gender equity in developed countries.

The authors of this study performed this evaluation in Ontario where primary care models resulting from reforms co-exist.

Background

 The World Health Organization calls for more work evaluating the effect of health care reforms on gender equity in developed countries. We performed this evaluation in Ontario, Canada where primary care models resulting from reforms co-exist.  

Methods

This cross sectional study of primary care practices uses data collected in 2005-2006. Healthcare service models included in the study consist of fee for service (FFS) based, salaried, and capitation based.
We compared the quality of care delivered to women and men in practices of each model.
We performed multi-level, multivariate regressions adjusting for patient socio-demographic and economic factors to evaluate vertical equity, and adjusting for these and health factors in evaluating horizontal equity. We measured seven dimensions of health service delivery (e.g. accessibility and continuity) and three dimensions of quality of care using patient surveys (n=5,361) and chart abstractions (n=4,108). 

Results

Health service delivery measures were comparable in women and men, with differences < 2.2% in all  seven dimensions and in all models. Significant gender differences in the health promotion subjects  addressed were observed. Female specific preventive manoeuvres were more likely to be performed than other preventive care. Men attending Fee for service FFS practices were more likely to receive influenza immunization than women (Adjusted odds ratio: 1.75, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.05, 2.92).

There was no difference in the other three prevention indicators.Fee for service FFS practices were also more likely to provide recommended care for chronic diseases to men than women (Adjusted difference of -11.2%, CI -21.7, -0.8). A similar trend was observed in Community Health Centers (CHC).

Conclusions

The observed differences in the type of health promotion subjects discussed are likely an appropriate response to the differential healthcare needs between genders. Chronic disease care is non equitable in Fee for service FFS but not in capitation based models. We recommend that efforts to monitor and address gender based differences in the delivery of chronic disease management in primary care be pursued….”

 


 *      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO Website

Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho

 

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.  

[EQ] The impact of income inequalities on sustainable development in London

The impact of income inequalities on sustainable development in London

 

A report for the London Sustainable Development Commission

by Professor (Emeritus) Richard Wilkinson and Professor Kate Pickett on behalf of the Equality Trust

PDF http://www.equalitytrust.org.uk/docs/londonequality.pdf


Download the report at  http://www.equalitytrust.org.uk/node/331


“….The purpose of this report is not to reach conclusions on either acceptable levels of income inequality or how we might best achieve greater equality.

However, this is the start of a discussion and an exercise in learning how inequalities operate at the London level, how they affect environmental performance, and how social status and income inequalities amplify the effects of simple material deprivation….”

“….This report will show how improvements in societal wellbeing are now more likely to follow from greater equality rather than from further economic growth….”


Content

Foreword

Part I: Diminishing Returns To Economic Growth

Economic Growth and Wellbeing

Relative Income

Inequality drives Consumerism

Carbon Emissions and the Quality of Life

Convergence and Improvement

Part II: How Inequality Affects Health And Social Problems

Inequality and Social Cohesion

Improving the Quality of Life

Everyone Benefits

Part III: Application To London

An Index of Health and Social Problems for London

Inequality and Social Status

A More Equal London

Benefits of Greater Equality to Each London Borough

Intolerance

Part IV: Greater Equality And The Threat Of Climate Change

Climate Change

More Equal Societies are Greener

An Allegory of Two Cities in Crisis

Changes in Inequality

Conclusions

References

Appendix I: Sources for Figures

Appendix II: Sources of data

 *      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO Website

Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho


    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.