Health Equity: 04/26/12

Thursday, April 26, 2012

[EQ] USAID - The Global Health Strategic Framework

The Global Health Strategic Framework

USAID’s Global Health Strategic Framework set their direction of the global health sector for FY 2012-2016.

U.S. Agency for International Development - USAID

Washington, DC USA

Available online [PDF 56p.] at: http://1.usa.gov/IUQNic

“…………...With prospects for ending preventable child and maternal deaths, creating an AIDS-free generation, and developing the foundations for universal health coverage, future generations will look back at this period as a turning point in the history of global health.

Our new chapter in global health builds on this success and adapts to a changing world.As we did 50 years ago, we now face seminal challenges and opportunities. The child survival revolution is not over. More than 7 million children still die every year from mostly preventable or treatable conditions, and demographic and epidemiologic transitions are leading to aging of populations and the rise of conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung diseases, and diabetes in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Despite the economic slowdown in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, many LMICs are in the midst of an unprecedented economic expansion driven by better governance, globalization of trade and technology, and the demographic dividend. We have seen this scenario unfolding in Latin America and, more recently, Asia; it is now taking hold in Africa. Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, and Turkey, and other countries are joining the donor community.

When economies expand, total health spending tends to grow even faster than a country’s gross domestic product (GDP).5 By the end of the decade, domestic health spending may double in many of USAID’s partner countries, marking a significant economic transition for health along the development ladder.

Without proper policies, this growth of the health sector tends to be an expansion of unregulated private health care provision and individual out-of-pocket payments, which now account for 40–70 percent of total health spending in Africa and Asia.6 This leads to system inefficiency, inequitable access, and catastrophic health expenditures.

Every year, 100 million people are pushed into poverty because of it; in some countries, 5 percent of the population is forced into poverty annually because they have to pay for health services when they fall seriously ill.

This cannot be the future of health as countries’ development succeeds.A systems approach, new institutional capacity, and excellence in implementation science (the development and use of an evidence base for practically executing programs) are needed for countries to steer this transformation toward modern health systems while scaling up and sustaining public health interventions……”

Content

Introduction from Administrator - Rajiv Shah

Message from the Assistant Administrator - Ariel Pablos-Méndez

Executive Summary

The Global Health

The Context for USAID’s Global Health Strategic Framework

USAID’s Global Health Vision and Mission Statement

Core Global Health Priorities

• Saving mothers

• Child survival

• Fostering an AIDS-free generation

• Fighting infectious diseases

• Family planning and reproductive health

• Health system strengthening .

Key Strategic Approaches to Global Health Challenging Ourselves and Challenging the World

• Providing technical leadership in responding to new global health challenges

• Partnering strategically with a wide range of actor

• Accelerating the development and application of innovation, science, and technology

• Scaling up evidence-based, equitable, and locally-adapted health solutions

• Strengthening local health system capacity to support partner

• countries’ leadership of health policies, strategies, and actions

• Promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment

• Working efficiently and being effective stewards of public trust and resources

Annex I: USAID Health Components

• Avian influenza and other emerging threats

• Child health

• Family planning and reproductive health.

• HIV/AIDS

• Malaria .

• Maternal health
• Neglected tropical disease .

• Nutrition

• Tuberculosis

• Water, sanitation, and hygiene

• Health systems strengthening

• Coordination of programs for highly vulnerable children

Annex II: Administrator Shah’s Barmes Lecture at the National Institutes of Health, February 2011

KMC/2012/SDE
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* * *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues. [DD/ KMC Area]
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and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
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[EQ] Healthcare Quarterly. Special Issue. Patient Safety

Healthcare Quarterly. Special Issue. Patient Safety

Healthcare Quarterly Vol. 15 Special Issue |

Available online at: http://bit.ly/HYHJsG

Editorial

G. Ross Baker

“……Much of the focus in the past decade has been on problems identified in major national patient safety studies. But other important issues have also emerged. Pat Croskerry (2012) notes that diagnostic error has received limited attention although it is a major contributor to adverse events and malpractice litigation. Croskerry traces the source of diagnostic error to the psychology of decision-making and cognitive bias. He urges greater emphasis on diagnostic reasoning in medical education and a continuing focus on these skills in practice.

Safety is an issue outside of institutional settings too. Lynn Stevenson and her colleagues (2012) argue that home care is fundamentally different from hospital-based care and that we need to develop patient safety practices that are client- and family-centred and adaptable to the broad range of settings in which home care is delivered.

Each of these papers provides a lens through which to view a critical issue. While their coverage is not exhaustive, together they offer a perspective on our achievements and the challenges we still face. In a paper examining the strategic elements for broadening our efforts on patient safety and quality of care, I argue that we need to emphasize the business case for safety, move current initiatives to a broader scale and invest in capacity for and capability of leadership and staff to improve (Baker 2012).

The gains of the past decade have been impressive, but we need to hard-wire and extend these efforts in our current system to ensure their impact and sustainability…..”

Perspective

Partners in Patient Safety

Hugh Macleod and Wendy Nicklin

Making Healthcare Safer

The Challenges of Making Care Safer: Leadership and System Transformation

G. Ross Baker

The Culture Of Patient Safety

Reporting, Learning and the Culture of Safety
W. Ward Flemons and Glenn McRae

Teamwork And Communication

Productive Complications: Emergent Ideas in Team Communication and Patient Safety

Lorelei Lingard

Human Factors In Patient Safety

From Discovery to Design: The Evolution of Human Factors in Healthcare

Joseph A. Cafazzo and Olivier St-Cyr

Workplace Redesign
Redesigning the Workplace for 21st Century Healthcare

Patricia O'Connor, Judith Ritchie, Susan Drouin and Christine L. Covell

Managing Healthcare-Acquired Infections
Healthcare-Associated Infections: New Initiatives and Continuing Challenges

Michael Gardam, Paige Reason and Leah Gitterman

Medication Reconciliation

Medication Reconciliation in the Hospital: What, Why, Where, When, Who and How?

Olavo Fernandes and Kaveh G. Shojania

Diagnostic Safety

Perspectives on Diagnostic Failure and Patient Safety

Pat Croskerry

Surgical Checklist

Surgical Safety Checklist: Improved Patient Safety through Effective Teamwork

Chris Hayes

Transitions Of Care

Toward Safer Transitions: How Can We Reduce Post-Discharge Adverse Events?

Irfan A. Dhalla, Tara O'Brien, Francoise Ko and Andreas Laupacis

Safety In The Community
Safety in Home Care: Thinking Outside the Hospital Box

Lynn Stevenson, Ariella Lang, Marilyn Macdonald, Jana Archer and Christina Berlanda

KMC/2012/HSS
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho

* * *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues. [DD/ KMC Area]
Washington DC USA

Thank you.

[EQ] Global Report for Research on Infectious Diseases of Poverty

Global Report for Research on Infectious Diseases of Poverty – WHO

World Health Organization on behalf of the
Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases 2012

Available online at: http://bit.ly/HPHzEH

Each year infectious diseases kill 3.5 million people – mostly the poor and young children who live in low and middle income countries. Research can change this and bring health to many more people. The WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) has brought people and institutions together to identify and advocate for the research priorities that will bring new and innovative approaches and products.

The result is Global Report for Research on Infectious Diseases of Poverty , which provides a new cross-disciplinary approach and analysis

Ten compelling reasons for research

1. Break the vicious cycle of poverty and infectious disease. The interrelationships between health, infectious diseases and poverty are dynamic and complex. Timely, targeted research will prevent infectious diseases from driving more people into poverty.

2. Forge an escape for the poor and vulnerable. Poor people living in the areas most affected by environmental factors are least able to respond to the challenges of environmental and climate change. Interactive, interdisciplinary research can identify ways to mitigate risk factors, establish the potential impact of interventions on the environment and direct future interventions to minimize risk.

3. Tackle multiple problems. Research will help understand both causes and consequences of polyparasitism, coinfection and comorbidities with non-communicable diseases on people, societies and systems. An integrated understanding of the complex relationships underpins effective integrated health system delivery and effective disease control programmes.

4. Commute the life sentence. Many people must live with the long term debilitating effects of past or current infection. Research can find ways to mitigate the consequences of chronic and persistent lifelong infection and its secondary complications and associated stigma.

5. Be prepared – forewarned is forearmed. Surveillance is essential at all levels to understand patterns of emergence, including the spread of drug and insecticide resistance. Mapping, monitoring and evaluation of these trends are critical. Access to such surveillance data allows us to anticipate and respond to emergent, re-emergent and drug-resistant diseases.
6. Reach the hardest to reach. By identifying ways to strengthen health infrastructure and better deliver services in impoverished areas, we can reach disenfranchised populations who continue to struggle with the burden of poverty and disease. Health systems research can create positive synergies between disease control and wider health systems in poor regions.

7. Prevent loss in translation. Progress along the route from basic research to clinical and public health practice is slow and patchy. Integrated multidisciplinary research programmes should aim to anticipate and avoid potholes along the route to the introduction of more effective interventions.

8. Identify small changes that can make a big difference. Relatively low levels of investment in evidence-based interventions can have a big impact. Small modifications in where and how we deliver treatments and care can achieve dramatic improvements. Effective research that demonstrates positive effects from small modifications should be rapidly scaled up in poor communities.

9. Stay focused on the light at the end of the tunnel. Much has been achieved to date and even the most difficult situations are not irreversible. Significant progress will continue to be made if investment in coordinated research programmes is expanded and sustained.

10. Act quickly on what we know. Policy-makers and global funders need to have access to the right information at the right time to inform decisions that draw on the evidence of what works, and feed “best buys” into health policy, health budgets and the operations of health systems. Research data must therefore be rapidly translated into effective tools for policy-makers…..”

Content:

Global Report main elements

Chapter 1: Why research infectious diseases of poverty?

Chapter 2: Environment, climate change, social factors and the implications for controlling infectious diseases of poverty

Chapter 3: Health systems

Chapter 4: Innovation and new technologies to tackle infectious diseases of poverty

Chapter 5: Research and development funding for infectious diseases of poverty: from landscape to architecture

Chapter 6: Agenda for action

KMC/2012/HSD
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho

* * *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues. [DD/ KMC Area]
Washington DC USA

Thank you.

[EQ] US National Healthcare Disparities Report

US National Healthcare Disparities Report

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

Available online PDF [256p.] at: http://1.usa.gov/IiP3UJ

“…..the National Healthcare Quality Report (NHQR) and the National Healthcare Disparities Report (NHDR). These reports measure trends in effectiveness of care, patient safety, timeliness of care, patient centeredness, and efficiency of care. New this year are chapters on care coordination, health system infrastructure. The reports present, in chart form, the latest available findings on quality of and access to health care.

The National Healthcare Quality Report tracks the health care system through quality measures, such as the percentage of heart attack patients who received recommended care when they reached the hospital or the percentage of children who received recommended vaccinations. The National Healthcare Disparities Report summarizes health care quality and access among various racial, ethnic, and income groups and other priority populations, such as residents of rural areas and people with disabilities……..

Content

Highlights From the National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report

Chapter 1. Introduction and Methods

Chapter 2. Effectiveness

Cancer

Cardiovascular Disease

Chronic Kidney Disease

Diabetes

HIV and AIDS

Maternal and Child Health

Mental Health and Substance Abuse

Musculoskeletal Diseases

Respiratory Diseases

Lifestyle Modification

Functional Status Preservation and Rehabilitation

Supportive and Palliative Care

Chapter 3. Patient Safety

Chapter 4. Timeliness

Chapter 5. Patient Centeredness

Chapter 6. Care Coordination

Chapter 7. Efficiency

Chapter 8. Health Systems Infrastructure

Chapter 9. Access to Health Care

Chapter 10. Priority Populations

Racial and Ethnic Minorities

Low-Income Groups

Residents of Rural Areas

Individuals With Disabilities or Special Health Care Needs

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Populations

Appendixes

Data Sources

Detailed Methods

Measure Specifications

Data Tables

AHRQ Publication No. 12-0006 Current as of March 2012

National Healthcare Quality Report

Available online PDF [230p.] at: http://1.usa.gov/I8AL2V

Content:

Highlights From the National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report

Chapter 1. Introduction and Methods

Chapter 2. Effectiveness

Cancer

Cardiovascular Disease

Chronic Kidney Disease

Diabetes

HIV and AIDS

Maternal and Child Health

Mental Health and Substance Abuse

Musculoskeletal Diseases

Respiratory Diseases

Lifestyle Modification

Functional Status Preservation and Rehabilitation

Supportive and Palliative Care

Chapter 3. Patient Safety

Chapter 4. Timeliness

Chapter 5. Patient Centeredness

Chapter 6. Care Coordination

Chapter 7. Efficiency

Chapter 8. Health Systems Infrastructure

Chapter 9. Access to Health Care

Appendixes

Data Sources

Detailed Methods

Measure Specifications

Data Tables

AHRQ Publication No. 12-0005 Current as of March 2012

Thank you.