Monday, March 5, 2012

[EQ] WHO - Patient safety research: introductory course (on-line)

Patient safety research: introductory course (on-line)

Patient Safety Research Team -WHO – World Health Organization

Available online at: http://bit.ly/xLShap

“…..How familiar are you with the concept of patient safety? Hundreds of thousands of patients are harmed or die each year due to unsafe care, or get injured inadvertently when seeking health care. Understanding the magnitude of the problem in hospitals and primary care facilities is the first step towards improving patient safety.

A series of free on-line courses were broadcast (in April and May 2010) to introduce the basic elements of patient safety research. There were eight sessions for health-care professionals and researchers interested in learning how to identify patient safety problems. Through these sessions, participants were informed of the core principles of patient safety research.

The sessions were provided by internationally renowned specialists in patient safety, namely
Dr David Bates, External Programme Lead for Research, WHO Patient Safety, and the Director of the Center of Excellence in Patient Safety and Research, USA,
Dr Albert Wu, a professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins University, USA.

Online Course

Session 1 This first session introduces the concept of "Patient Safety".
                Starting from the definition of patient safety, topical global issues are explained, supported by practical examples.
Session 2 In this session, we focus on "research" in patient safety.
                Five important aspects of the research cycle will be explained:
                “measuring harm”, “understanding causes”, “identifying solutions”, “evaluating impact” and “translating evidence into safer health care”.
Session 3 Measuring what goes wrong in health care includes counting how many patients are harmed or killed each year,
                and from what types of adverse events. This session introduces methods for measuring harm.
Session 4 Once priority areas have been identified, the next step is to understand the underlying causes of adverse events that lead to patient harm.
                This session explains several methods, using practical examples.
Session 5 To improve patient safety, solutions are needed that tackle the underlying causes of unsafe care.
                In this session we explain how we can design solutions and implement them.
Session 6 It is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of solutions in real-life settings in terms of their impact, acceptability and affordability.
                In this session, several methods for evaluation are introduced.
Session 7 The final step in the research cycle is to understand how research findings can be translated into practice.
Session 8 In this last session, we review the previous sessions, reflecting on questions and comments from the participants. ….”

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
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[EQ] WORLD ATLAS of Gender Equality in Education

WORLD ATLAS of Gender Equality in Education

UNESCO - Institute for Statistics (UIS) – March 2012

Available online PDF [64p.] at: UNESCO: http://bit.ly/yIv4BH

 “…….To mark International Women’s Day, UNESCO and the UIS have jointly released the World Atlas of Gender Equality in Education, which includes over 120 maps, charts and tables featuring a wide range of sex-disaggregated indicators.

 

The information and analysis calls attention to persistent gender disparities and the need for greater focus on girls’ education as a human right.

 

The atlas illustrates the educational pathways of girls and boys and the changes in gender disparities over time. It hones in on the gender impact of critical factors such as national wealth, geographic location, investment in education, and fields of study.

 

 

The data show that:

·         Although access to education remains a challenge in many countries, girls enrolled in primary school tend to outperform boys. Dropout rates are higher for boys than girls in 63% of countries with data.

·         Countries with high proportions of girls enrolled in secondary education have more women teaching primary education than men.

·         Women are the majority of tertiary students in two-thirds of countries with available data. However, men continue to dominate the highest levels of study, accounting for 56% of PhD graduates and 71% of researchers.

The atlas also provides a perspective on the progress countries are making towards gender-related targets set by the international community under Education for All and the Millennium Development Goals. ….”

Content:

Introduction

Increased worldwide demand for quality schooling

1. School enrolments keeping pace with population growth

2. National wealth: a factor in educational participation and persistence

3. Countries differ in levels of commitment to education

4. Compulsory education laws offer legal basis for education

Girls’ right to education

1. Female enrolment rising at greater rate than among males

2. Gender parity an issue in all countries

Enrolment and gender trends: primary education

1. Participation in pre-primary education on the rise

2. Growing number of countries achieving universal primary education

3. Significant progress in gender parity at the primary level

4. Repetition a continuing obstacle to progress in school

5. Dropout a threat to universal primary education

6. Primary level completion rates on the rise

7. Out-of-school children a continuing challenge

8. Overage children more likely to drop out of school

9. Special challenges of poor children and those in rural areas

Enrolment and gender trends: secondary education

1. Gross enrolment ratios rising at secondary level

2. Upward trends in secondary level gender parity

3. Gross enrolment ratios different at lower and higher secondary levels

4. Out-of-school adolescents a continuing problem

Enrolment and gender trends: tertiary education

1. Gross enrolment ratio soaring at the tertiary level

2. Women are the biggest beneficiaries of rising tertiary enrolments

3. National wealth a major factor in gender gaps at tertiary level

4. Women have edge in graduate degrees up until PhD level

5. Significant gender differences in various fields of study

6. Men continue to predominate in research jobs

7. Multiple reasons for over-representation of women in post-secondary education

Trends in school-life expectancy

Gender trends: adult and youth literacy

1. Significant progress made in push for universal adult literacy

2. Youth literacy on the rise

How policies affect gender equality in education

1. Female role models an important factor in girls’ academic success

2. Secondary teaching force evenly divided among males and females

3. Teachers’ pay a factor in proportion of female teachers

4. Girls more affected than boys by distance to school

5. Females have edge over males in learning achievement

Conclusion

Annex

Glossary

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 *      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]
Washington DC USA

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO Website
Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho


IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended
recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or
confidential information. If you are not the intended
recipient or a person responsible for delivering this
transmission to the intended recipient, you may not
disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take
any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission
in error, please dispose of and delete this transmission.

Thank you.