Friday, March 12, 2010

[EQ] Hunger on the Rise

Hunger on the Rise


Finance & Development, March 2010, Volume 47, Number 1

….Number of hungry people tops one billion……….

Available online at: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2010/03/picture.htm

“……World hunger spiked sharply in 2009, significantly worsening an already disappointing trend in global food security since 1996. The combination of food and economic crises has pushed the number of hungry people worldwide to historic levels. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that 1.02 billion people were undernourished in 2009—about 100 million more than in 2008. As a result, reaching the World Food Summit target and the Millennium Development Goal for hunger reduction looks increasingly out of reach…..”

 

The State of Food Insecurity in the World

Economic crises – impacts and lessons learned

FAO F
ood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Rome, 2009

PDF [61p.] at: ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/012/i0876e/i0876e.pdf

“…….This report highlights the fact that, even before the food crisis and the economic crisis, the number of hungry people had been increasing slowly but steadily. With the onset of these crises, however, the number of hungry people in the world increased sharply.

As a result of the global economic crisis, developing countries are facing declines in remittances, export earnings, foreign direct investment and foreign aid, leading to loss of employment and income. This loss of income is compounded by food prices that are still relatively high in the local markets of many poor countries.


As a result, poor households have been forced to eat fewer meals and less-nutritious food, cut back on health and education expenses,

and sell their assets.


Despite the financial constraints faced by governments around the world, agricultural investment and safety nets remain key parts of an effective response to reduce food insecurity both now and in the future…..”

Content:

 

 Undernourishment around the world

 Hunger has been on the rise for the past decade

 The global economic crisis: another blow to the food-insecure and vulnerable

Transmission of the economic crisis to the developing countries

Quantifying the food security impacts of the economic crisis

 Coping mechanisms of the poor and food-insecure

 Case studies of countries affected by the economic crisis

 Armenia

 Bangladesh

 Ghana

 Nicaragua

 Zambia

 Towards eliminating hunger

 The importance of investing in agriculture and public goods

 Safety nets for the short term and long term

 The right to food

Technical annex

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
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[EQ] The Global Fund: replenishment and redefinition in 2010

The Global Fund: replenishment and redefinition in 2010

 

The Lancet, Volume 375, Issue 9718, Page 865, 13 March 2010

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60366-2

 

Website: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)60366-2/fulltext

 

“….On March 8, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria launched its report, The Global Fund 2010: Innovation and Impact, presenting results so far and outlining challenges and new strategies. Since its inception in 2002, the Fund has grown into an impressive force in the landscape of global health initiatives. By its own estimation, the Fund has supported programmes that have saved around 4·9 million lives. It has allocated US$19·2 billion and disbursed $10 billion to 144 countries….”

 

 

Global Fund 2010 Innovation and Impact

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria

Geneva, Switzerland March 2010

Available online PDF [132p.] at:
http://www.theglobalfund.org/documents/replenishment/2010/Global_Fund_2010_Innovation_and_Impact_en.pdf

 “……The Global Fund was established to make a difference by tackling head-on three

of the diseases that condemn vast numbers of people to ill health, discrimination and

other human rights abuses, poverty and preventable early death. This is the inspiring

and noble vision that unites us in our work at the Global Fund……….”

— MICHEL KAZATCHKINE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

THE GLOBAL FUND TO FIGHT AIDS, TUBERCULOSIS AND MALARIA


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. RESULTS AND PROGRESS ON INTERNATIONAL TARGETS

2.1 KEY GLOBAL RESULTS OF GLOBAL FUND-SUPPORTED PROGRAMS

2.2 KEY RESULTS BY REGION

2.3 CONTRIBUTION TO INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS AND BREAKDOWN OF EXPENDITURES

2.4 THE GLOBAL FUND’S CONTRIBUTION TO PROGRESS ON THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL TARGETS

2.5 RESULTS OF PERFORMANCE-BASED FUNDING

2.6 ENSURING EQUITABLE ACCESS TO SERVICES

2.7 CHALLENGES

3. IMPROVING EFFECTIVENESS

3.1 AID EFFECTIVENESS

3.2 IMPROVING VALUE FOR MONEY

3.3 UNIT COSTS FOR KEY INTERVENTIONS IN PROGRAMS

3.4 MAXIMIZING IMPACT: COST-EFFECTIVENESS AND ECONOMIC RETURNS ON INVESTMENT

3.5 THE WAY FORWARD: CONTINUING TO IMPROVE AID EFFECTIVENESS AND VALUE FOR MONEY

4. LEARNING AND INNOVATING

4.1 LEARNING THROUGH GRANT AND SECRETARIAT OPERATIONS

4.2 LEARNING THROUGH EVALUATIONS

4.3 LEARNING FROM STUDIES UNDERTAKEN BY THE OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL

4.4 LEARNING THROUGH PARTNERSHIPS

4.5 CONTINUING TO UNDERTAKE NEW INITIATIVES AND INNOVATE


5. CONCLUSIONS


REFERENCES

ANNEXES

ANNEX 1. LIST OF BOXES, FIGURES AND TABLES

ANNEX 2. THE GLOBAL FUND STRUCTURE AND REGIONS

ANNEX 3. SUMMARY OF GLOBAL FUND-SUPPORTED PROGRAMS

LIST

 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

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and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
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[EQ] Infectious Disease Movement in a Borderless World.

Infectious Disease Movement in a Borderless World.
Workshop Summary

Rapporteurs: David A. Relman, Eileen R. Choffnes, and Alison Mack

Forum on Microbial Threats – US Board on Global Health – 2010

Available online at: http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12758

 

“…..Modern transportation allows people, animals, and plants—and the pathogens they carry—to travel more easily than ever before. The ease and speed of travel, tourism, and international trade connect once-remote areas with one another, eliminating many of the geographic and cultural barriers that once limited the spread of disease. Because of our global interconnectedness through transportation, tourism and trade, infectious diseases emerge more frequently; spread greater distances; pass more easily between humans and animals; and evolve into new and more virulent strains.

 

 

“…..One World, One Health ®20 Recognizing the importance of zoonoses as emerging diseases and the economic impact of animal diseases, several workshop participants advocated expanding the purview of surveillance under IHR 2005 by linking its human infectious disease networks with those focused on animal diseases….”

 

The Institute of Medicine  IOM’s Forum on Microbial Threats hosted the workshop “Globalization, Movement of Pathogens (and Their Hosts) and the Revised International Health Regulations” December 16-17, 2008 in order to explore issues related to infectious disease spread in a “borderless” world. Participants discussed the global emergence, establishment, and surveillance of infectious diseases; the complex relationship between travel, trade, tourism, and the spread of infectious diseases; national and international policies for mitigating disease movement locally and globally; and obstacles and opportunities for detecting and containing these potentially wide-reaching and devastating diseases. This document summarizes the workshop.

Workshop Overview


1 Migration, Mobility, and Health

International Migration Past, Present, and Future
People, Borders, and Disease
—Health Disparities in a Mobile World


2 Travel, Conflict, Trade, and Disease

Global Travel and Emerging Infections

Armed Conflict and Infectious Disease

Risky Trade and Emerging Infections

Globalization of the Food Supply: Time for Change in Approach


3 Mobile Animals and Disease

Public Health Impact of Global Trade in Animals

A Mollusc on the Leg of a Beetle: Human Activities and the Global Dispersal of Vectors and Vector-borne Pathogens

Predicting and Preventing Emergent Disease Outbreaks


4 Global Public Health Governance and the Revised International Health Regulations

Public Health, Global Governance, and the Revised International Health Regulations,

Capacity-Building Under the International Health Regulations to Address Public Health Emergencies of International Concern
Implementing the Revised International Health Regulations in Resource-Constrained Countries: Intentional and Unintentional Realities

Viral Sovereignty, Global Governance, and the IHR 2005:

The H5N1 Virus Sharing Controversy and Its Implications for Global Health Governance


5 Global Disease Surveillance and Response

Of Milk, Health, and Trade Security

International Technical Agencies Working at the Human-Animal Interface

International Animal Health Regulations and the World Animal Health Information System

Incentives and Disincentives to Timely Disease Reporting and Response: Lessons from the Influenza Campaign


References

Appendixes

 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
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