Monday, May 21, 2012

[EQ] How To Make Cities More Resilient -A Handbook For Local Government Leaders

How To Make Cities More Resilient -A Handbook For Local Government Leaders


A contribution to the global campaign 2010-2015 - Making Cities Resilient – My City is Getting Ready!

Helena Molin Valdés, Aloysius Reg, John Scott, Jaime Valdés Aguayo, Patricia Bittner

United Nations UNISDR -Geneva March 2012

Available online PDF [104p.] at: http://bit.ly/MbU7ru

"…….Cities and urban areas represent dense and complex systems of interconnected services. As such, they face a growing number of issues that drive disaster risk. Strategies and policies can be developed to address each of these issues, as part of an overall vision to make cities of all sizes and profiles more resilient and livable.

Among the most significant risk drivers are:

- Growing urban populations and increased density, which put pressure on land and services, increasing settlements in coastal lowlands, along unstable slopes and in hazard-prone areas.

- Concentration of resources and capacities at national level, with a lack of fiscal and human resources and capacities in local government, including unclear mandates for disaster risk reduction and response.

- Weak local governance and insufficient participation by local stakeholders in planning and urban management.

- Inadequate water resource management, drainage systems and solid waste management, causing health emergencies, floods and landslides.

- The decline of ecosystems, due to human activities such as road construction, pollution, wetland reclamation and unsustainable resource extraction, that threatens the ability to provide essential services such as flood regulation and protection.

- Decaying infrastructure and unsafe building stocks, which may lead to collapsed structures.

- Uncoordinated emergency services, which decreases the capacity for swift response and preparedness.

- Adverse effects of climate change that will likely increase or decrease extreme temperatures and precipitation, depending on localized conditions, with an impact on the frequency, intensity and location of floods and other climate-related disasters…."

 

The Hyogo Framework for Action
1. Build institutional capacity: Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation.

2. Know your risks: Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning.

3. Build understanding and awareness: Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels.

4. Reduce risk: Reduce the underlying risk factors through land-use planning, environmental, social and economic measures.

5. Be prepared and ready to act: Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.

Table of Contents

Foreword

Why are Cities at Risk?

What is a Disaster Resilient City?

A Global Agenda and Campaign to Build Resilient Nations and Communities

Chapter 1. Why Invest in Disaster Risk Reduction? 14


Chapter 2. What are the Ten Essentials for Making Cities Disaster Resilient?

- Essential 1: Institutional and Administrative Framework

- Essential 2: Financing and Resources

- Essential 3: Multi-hazard Risk Assessment- Know your Risk

- Essential 4: Infrastructure Protection, Upgrading and Resilience

- Essential 5: Protect Vital Facilities: Education and Health

- Essential 6: Building Regulations and Land Use Planning

- Essential 7: Training, Education and Public Awareness

- Essential 8: Environmental Protection and Strengthening of Ecosystems

- Essential 9: Effective Preparedness, Early Warning and Response

- Essential 10: Recovery and Rebuilding Communities


Chapter 3. How to Implement the Ten Essentials for Making Cities Resilient

- Milestones and Strategic Planning

- Phase One: Organizing and Preparing to Incorporate the Ten Essentials

- Phase Two: Diagnosis and Assessment of the City's Risk

- Phase Three: Developing a Safe and Resilient City Action Plan

- Phase Four: Implementing the Plan

- Phase Five: Monitoring and Follow Up

- How to Finance Disaster Risk Reduction

  Partners in the Global Campaign: Making Cities Resilient - My City is Getting Ready

Annexes

 

 KMC/2012/PED
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[EQ] Primary Care and Public Health: Exploring Integration to Improve Population Health

Primary Care and Public Health:
Exploring Integration to Improve Population Health

US Committee on Integrating Primary Care and Public Health;
Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Institute of Medicine

2012 by the National Academy of Sciences

Available online at: http://bit.ly/Hn32SX

“…….Health is influenced by an array of factors, including social, genetic, environmental, and other factors that cut across a number of different sectors. Improving the health of populations therefore will require a collaborative, intersectoral effort that involves public and private organizations and individuals. At the same time, both health problems and community needs, resources, and circumstances vary among localities, so no single approach to combating health problems can be applied.

Primary care and public health are uniquely positioned to play critical roles in tackling the complex health problems that exist both nationally and locally. They share a similar goal of health improvement and can build on this shared platform to catalyze intersectoral partnerships designed to bring about sustained improvements in population health. In addition, they have strong ties at the community level and can leverage their positions to link community organizations and resources. Thus, the integration of primary care and public health holds great promise as a way to improve the health of society. The purpose of this report is to explore how this promise can be realized….”

“……………While integration can be an imprecise term, integration of primary care and public health was defined for this report as the linkage of programs and activities to promote overall efficiency and effectiveness and achieve gains in population health. The committee conceived of integration in terms of multiple variables—levels, partners, actions, and degree.

…………….the committee conceived of integration as degrees on a continuum ranging from isolation to merger
and focused on mutual awareness, cooperation, collaboration, and partnership, with a preference for activities moving toward greater integration………….”

Content:

 

1 INTRODUCTION

Current Opportunities

The Path to Improving Population Health

Benefits and Challenges of Integration


2 INTEGRATION: A VIEW FROM THE GROUND

Previous Reviews of Integration

The Committee’s Literature Review

Principles for Successful Integration

Case Studies

How the Examples and Case Studies Illustrate Effective Primary Care and Public Health Integration

Lessons Learned

Role of HRSA and CDC

 

3 POTENTIAL FOR INTERAGENCY COLLABORATION

Maternal and Child Health

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Colorectal Cancer Screening

Opportunities for Interagency Collaboration


4 POLICY AND FUNDING LEVERS

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Key Policy Components

Funding Streams


5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions
Recommendations

Broader Opportunities for Integration

References

 KMC/2012/HSS
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 *      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]
Washington DC USA

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
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Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
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IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended
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confidential information. If you are not the intended
recipient or a person responsible for delivering this
transmission to the intended recipient, you may not
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any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission
in error, please dispose of and delete this transmission.

Thank you.