Exploring the determinants of unsafe abortion: improving the evidence base in Mexico
Angelica Sousa1,*, Rafael Lozano2 and Emmanuela Gakidou2
1Initiative for Global Health,
2Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation,
Health Policy and Planning, doi:10.1093/heapol/czp061
Available at: http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/czp061?ijkey=OA1CVURLq1MxBuk&keytype=ref
KEY MESSAGES:
- This paper quantifies for the first time the large socio-economic and geographical inequities in unsafe abortions in
- The burden of unsafe abortions is disproportionately born by poor, less educated and indigenous women.
Women living in the poorest states have a higher risk of having an unsafe abortion.
Background Despite the realized importance of unsafe abortion as a global health problem, reliable data are difficult to obtain, especially in countries where abortion is illegal. Estimates for most developing countries are based on limited and incomplete sources of data. In
Methods We analysed data from the 2006 Mexican National Demographic Survey. The sample comprises 14 859 reported pregnancies in women between 15 and 55 years old, of which 966 report having had an abortion in the 5 years preceding the survey. We use logistic regression to explore the relationship between unsafe abortion and various socio-economic and demographic characteristics.
Findings We estimate that 44% of abortions have been induced and 16.5% of those were unsafe. We find three variables to be positively and significantly associated with the probability of having an induced abortion: (1) whether the woman reported that the pregnancy was mistimed (OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.95?10.95); (2) whether the woman reported that the pregnancy was unwanted (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = ?1.40?5.88); and (3) if the woman had three or more children at the time of the abortion (OR = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.20?11.65). There is a steep socio-economic gradient in the probability of having an unsafe abortion: poorer women are more likely to have an unsafe abortion than richer women (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.09?5.63); women with 6?9 years of education (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.11?0.81) and with more than 13 years of education are less likely to have an unsafe abortion (OR = 0.065, 95% CI = 0.01?0.43), and women with indigenous origin are more likely to have an unsafe abortion (OR = 5.44, 95% CI = 1.91?15.51). Thus, the probability for poor women with less than 5 years of education and indigenous origin is nine times higher compared with rich, educated and not indigenous women. We also find marked geographical inequities as women living in the poorest states have a higher risk of having an unsafe abortion.
Interpretation This analysis has explored the determinants of unsafe abortion and has demonstrated that there are large socio-economic and geographical inequities in unsafe abortions in
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