[EQ] The Evolution of Ideology, Fairness and Redistribution

The Evolution of Ideology, Fairness and Redistribution

Alberto Alesina, _Harvard University and IGIER Bocconi; Guido Cozziy, and Noemi Mantovanz; University of Glasgow

University of Glasgow  - August 8, 2009

Available online as PDF file [27p.] at: http://www.gla.ac.uk/media/media_126414_en.pdf

“………Ideas about what is "fair" above and beyond the individual’s opposition in the income ladder determine preferences for redistribution. We study the dynamic evolution of different economies in which redistributive policies, perception of fairness, inequality and growth are jointly determined.

We show how including fairness explains various observed relationship between inequality, redistribution and growth. We also show how different beliefs about fairness can keep two otherwise identical countries in different development paths for a very long time.

 

“….In this paper, we have shown how the evolution of the political ideology regarding the fairness of the constellation of income and wealth in society can generate economic and political persistence in inequality, redistribution, and growth. According to our simple framework, ideology does not entail cognitive distortions of reality15 , but it shapes the moral judgment on what wealth distribution would be fair, as well as it internalizes into people’s preferences how strongly the distance between the current wealth distribution and the fair one makes people unhappy. Our model allows us to make sense formally of a variety of observations about the relationship between inequality, redistribution, and persistence of poverty which would be otherwise inconsistent with more standard models of redistributive policies….”

Cozzi, G. and Privileggi, F. (2009). '
The fractal nature of inequality in a fast growing world: new revision'
Discussion Paper 2009-30, Department of Economics, University of Glasgow

*      *      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO website: http://66.101.212.219/equity/
Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho

 

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.  

[EQ] Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England Post 2010 (Marmot Review)

Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England Post 2010
(Marmot Review)

University College London - Department of Epidemiology & Public Health- London, 2009

Website: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/gheg/marmotreview/Documents

“..The Review follows the publication of the global Commission on Social Determinants of Health, also chaired by Sir Michael Marmot and published by the WHO. The CSDH advocated that national governments develop and implement strategies and policies suited to their particular national context aimed at improving health equity. The English review is a response to that recommendation and to the government's commitment to reducing health inequalities in England.

The aim of the Review is to propose an evidence based strategy for reducing health inequalities from 2010. The strategy will include policies and interventions that address the social determinants of health inequalities.

The Review has four tasks:

(i) identify, for the health inequalities challenge facing England, the evidence most relevant to underpinning future policy and action
(ii) show how this evidence could be translated into practice
(iii) advise on possible objectives and measures, building on the experience of the current PSA target on infant mortality and life expectancy
(iv) publish a report of the review's work that will contribute to the development of a post-2010 health inequalities strategy

It is anticipated that the Review will also have relevance for other countries developing strategies aimed at tackling health inequalities, following the recommendations of the CSDH….”

“….The public consultation on the First Phase Report has now closed. The consultation was run from 22nd June to 5th August 2009; a summary and analysis of the consultation responses will be made available on the web site in the Autumn…”

Overview Documents

·         Marmot Review Terms of Reference (Word - 27Kb)

·         Marmot Review Overview (Word - 106Kb)

·         Marmot Review Arrangements (Word - 32Kb)

·         CSDH Recommendations (Word - 86Kb)

Marmot Review Reports

·         Marmot_Review_First_Phase_Report (Word - 402Kb)

·         Annex 1 Relationship between key themes and task group proposals (Word - 510Kb)

·         Annex 2 Evidence from the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (Word - 32Kb)

Consultation Documents

·         Consultation Document (Word - 140Kb)

Summary Task Groups' Reports

·         Early years and education summary (Word - 44Kb)

·         Employment arrangements, work conditions summary (Word - 49Kb)

·         Social protection summary (Word - 38Kb)

·         Built environment summary (Word - 188Kb)

·         Sustainable development summary (Word - 122Kb)

·         Economics summary (Word - 84Kb)

·         Delivery systems and mechanisms summary (Word - 53Kb)

·         Priority public health conditions summary (Word - 90Kb)

·         Social inclusion and social mobility summary (Word - 73Kb)

Full Task Groups' Reports

·         Early years and education report (Word - 1.3Mb)

·         Employment arrangements, work conditions report (Word - 658kb)

·         Social protection report (Word - 445Kb)

·         Built environment report (Pdf - 902Kb)

·         Sustainable development report (Word - 1.6Mb)

·         Sustainable development Appendix I (Word - 303Kb)

·         Sustainable development Appendix II (Word - 189Kb)

·         Sustainable development Appendix III (Word - 230kb)  

·         Economic framework report (Word - 1.0Mb)

·         Economics active labour market policies (Word - 175Kb) and Evidence Tables (Excel - 46Kb) 

·         Economics early child development report (Word - 518kb)

·         Economics lone parent policies report (Word - 346Kb)

·         Delivery systems and mechanisms report (Word - 1.1Mb)

·         Priority public health conditions report (Word - 2.0Mb)

·         Social inclusion and social mobility report (Word - 647Kb)

·         Lifelong learning report (Word - 204Kb)

*      *      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO website: http://66.101.212.219/equity/
Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho

 

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.  

[EQ] Population and Health Policies

Population and Health Policies

 

T. Paul Schultz, Yale University

ECONOMIC GROWTH CENTER - CENTER DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 974

YALE UNIVERSITY New Haven, CT

http://www.econ.yale.edu/~egcenter/  - July 2009

 

Available online as PDF file [110p.] at: http://www.econ.yale.edu/growth_pdf/cdp974.pdf

 

“…….The program evaluation literature for population and health policies is in flux, with many disciplines documenting biological and behavioral linkages from fetal development to late life mortality, chronic disease, and disability, though their implications for policy remain uncertain. Both macro and micro economics seek to understand and incorporate connections between economic development and the demographic transition.

 

The focus here is on research methods, findings, and questions that economists can clarify regarding the causal relationships between economic development, health outcomes, and reproductive behavior, which operate in many directions, posing problems for identifying causal pathways. The connection between conditions under which people live and their expected lifespan and health status refers to “health production functions”.

 

The relationships between an individual’s stock of health and productivity, well being, and duration of life encompasses the “returns to health human capital”. The control of reproduction improves directly the well being of women, and the economic opportunities of her offspring. The choice of population policies may be country specific and conditional on institutional setting, even though many advances in biomedical and public health knowledge, including modern methods of birth control, are now widely available.

 

Evaluation of a policy intervention in terms of cost-effectiveness is typically more than a question of technological efficiency, but also the motivation for adoption, and the behavioral responsiveness to the intervention of individuals, families, networks, and communities. Well-specified research strategies are required to address

(1) the economic production of health capacities from conception to old age,
(2) the wage returns to increasing health status attributable to policy interventions,
(3) the conditions affecting fertility, family time allocation, and human capital investments, and
(4) the consequences for women and their families of policies which change the timing as well as number of births………”

 

*      *      *     *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO website: http://66.101.212.219/equity/
Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.