[EQ] The Unfinished Public Health Agenda of Chagas Disease in the Era of Globalization

The Unfinished Public Health Agenda of Chagas Disease in the Era of Globalization

Carlos Franco-Paredes1,2*, Maria Elena Bottazzi3,4, Peter J. Hotez3,4

1 Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico, D.F., Mexico,
2 Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

3 Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
4 Sabin Vaccine  Institute, Washington, D.C., USA

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3(7): e470. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000470 - July 7, 2009

“….At the 100th anniversary of the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi, much has been achieved but many challenges remain for the control and ultimate elimination of Chagas disease….”

Available online at: http://www.plosntds.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0000470

“…..Many neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) began millions of years ago as enzoonotic diseases of wild animals that subsequently infected humans, leading in many cases to anthropozoonoses [2]. Because of their impoverished circumstances, most humans infected with NTD agents have few choices but to face daily the intense selective pressures associated with high levels of exposure and transmission that often flourish in these impoverished settings [3]. In this dynamic and relentless evolutionary battle, animal reservoirs, vectors, microbes causing NTDs, and humans are constantly adapting through what it is known as the “Red Queen Effect” from Lewis Carroll's Red Queen character [4],[5]. Typically, the battlegrounds of these molecular and ecological clashes are located in the poorest regions of developing countries where they mostly affect the world's most vulnerable populations [3]….”

 

Differential Regional Immune Response in Chagas Disease

 

Juliana de Meis and colleagues discuss the differential lymphocyte dynamics in distinct central and peripheral lymphoid organs following acute infection by Trypanosoma cruzi.

http://www.plosntds.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0000417

Feasibility, Drug Safety, and Effectiveness of Etiological Treatment Programs for Chagas Disease in
Honduras, Guatemala, and Bolivia: 10-Year Experience of Médecins Sans Frontières

 

Oliver Yun and colleagues describe four diagnostic and therapeutic care programs for Chagas disease, and discuss the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of treatment programs in resource-limited settings.

http://www.plosntds.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0000488

 

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[EQ] Eliminating World Poverty: Building our Common Future

Eliminating World Poverty: Building our Common Future

Department for International Development

Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for International Development by Command of Her Majesty

UK July 2009

Available online PDF [150p.] at: http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents/whitepaper/building-our-common-future-print.pdf

The White Paper represents a fundamental shift in the way the UK delivers development aid, refocusing resources onto fragile countries and for the first time treating security and justice as a basic service alongside health, education, water and sanitation. Fifty per cent of new bilateral funding will be committed to fragile countries.

Key announcements in Building our Common Future include:

·         A renewed commitment to 0.7 per cent of UK Gross National Income (GNI) for international development, meaning a contribution of £9bn per year by 2013;

·         Measures to reduce maternal mortality rates and potentially save the lives of six million mothers and babies by 2015;

·         Plans to support over eight million more children in Africa go to school;

·         Doubling of funding to £1bn for African infrastructure including transport, energy and trade in the region;

·         A tripling of funding to support developing countries to recover stolen assets, and new resources to Interpol, as part of a major effort to stamp out corruption;

·         Increased investment in the Central Emergency Response Fund for humanitarian aid at the UN

On fragile countries:

·         Helping to ensure that security and justice are treated as a basic service – alongside health, education, water and sanitation – in the developing world with funding tripled to £120 m by 2014. This will include training police officers, setting up law courts and protecting women from violence

·         A focus on jobs in five of the most vulnerable countries - Yemen, Nepal, Nigeria, Ethiopia and Afghanistan – where 7.5 million people will benefit from jobs and economic opportunities

On growth and trade:

·         A quadrupling of funding to promote fair and ethical trade

·         A new International Growth Centre to offer world class economic expertise and practical advice to poor countries;

On climate change:

·         Renewed commitment to £800m to support climate adaptation, low carbon growth and protection of forests;

·         The piloting of new low carbon innovation centres and a global climate change knowledge network.

Contents

 

Foreword

Preface

Chapter 1: Poverty Reduction in an Interdependent World

Chapter 2: Promoting Economic Recovery and Greener Growth

Chapter 3: Sustaining our Common Future

Chapter 4: Building Peaceful States and Societies

The challenge of conflict and fragility

A new approach: prioritising peace and state-building

Treating security and justice as a basic service

Generating economic opportunities and managing natural resources

Working across government

Working internationally to lay the foundations for peace

 

Chapter 5: Keeping our Promises in a Downturn

Financing the MDGs

Financing the delivery of basic services

Where next on malaria?

Supporting capable, accountable and responsive states

A new education strategy

Maternal and child health

Chapter 6: Acting Together through the International System

Chapter 7: Transforming our Impact and Ensuring Value for Money

Conclusion – Shared Interests, Shared Values, One Endeavour

Annex: Will the Millennium Development Goals be met?

Glossary 1

End Notes

 

 *      *     *

This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMS Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
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    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.