Tuesday, September 28, 2010

[EQ] Segregation and Exposure to High Poverty Schools in US Large Metropolitan Areas: 2008-09

Segregation and Exposure to High Poverty Schools in Large Metropolitan Areas:
2008-09

Nancy McArdle, Theresa Osypuk, and Dolores Acevedo-GarcĂ­a
Diversitydata.org and Harvard School of Public Health supported by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation
September 2010

Available online PDF [23p.] at: http://bit.ly/bG8xAd

A new report published by www.diversitydata.org, ranks public, primary schools in the 100 largest U.S. metropolitan according to racial/ethnic segregation and exposure to concentrated poverty schools. 

“…..Schools are a key environment influencing child development, and research has documented the negative effects of concentrated poverty schools as well as the advantages of racially/ethnically diverse learning environments.

 

This report describes patterns of school segregation and poverty concentration of 30,989 public primary schools
in the 100 largest metropolitan areas for the 2008-09 school year.

Findings include:

- Enrollment is already “majority-minority” nationally but differs substantially across regions, with the West being almost two-thirds minority.

- Residential segregation and school assignment plans lead to high levels of school racial segregation, particularly for blacks.

- Metropolitan areas with the highest school poverty rates are concentrated in California and the Deep South.

- 43 percent of black and Hispanic students attend schools with poverty rates over 80 percent, compared to 4 percent of white students.

- Even within the same metro areas, black and Hispanic students attend schools with dramatically higher poverty rates than whites or Asians.

- Bridgeport and Hartford have the largest disparities.

- To address inequalities, policies must lead to stronger enforcement of fair housing laws, improving school and neighborhood quality,
  and allowing students to cross district boundaries to attend better schools.

 


The report is based on data drawn the diversitydata.org website.  Designed for use by the public, the media, and researchers, diversitydata.org goes beyond many similar demographic websites by including information on school characteristics such as racial/ethnic composition, segregation, and exposure to high-poverty schools, as well as information on health, education, neighborhood conditions, and housing opportunities.


Additionally, the website has interactive features allowing any user to easily create profiles for specific metropolitan areas, as well as customized rankings according to chosen indicators.  ….”
Website: http://diversitydata.sph.harvard.edu/

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

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[EQ] The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues

The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues

Daniel Kaufmann, Brookings Institution
Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi,World Bank
September, 2010

Available online PDF [29p.] at http://bit.ly/aDDvoA

 

“……The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) are a long standing research project to develop cross country indicators of governance.

 

The WGI consist of six composite indicators of broad dimensions of governance covering over 200 countries since 1996:

- Voice and Accountability,

- Political Stability and

- Absence of Violence/Terrorism,

- Government Effectiveness, 

- Regulatory Quality,

- Rule of Law, and

- Control of Corruption.



These indicators are based on several hundred variables obtained from 31 different data sources, capturing governance perceptions as reported by survey respondents, non governmental organizations, commercial business information providers, and public sector organizations worldwide.

 

This paper summarizes the methodology and key analytical issues relevant to the overall WGI project. The updated data for the six indicators, together with the underlying source data and the details of the 2010 update of the WGI, are not discussed in this paper but are available online at www.govindicators.org.

We also plan to release and document subsequent updates of the WGI purely online, with this paper serving as a guide to the overall methodological issues relevant to the WGI project and future updates.

In the WGI we draw together data on perceptions of governance from a wide variety of sources, and organize them into six clusters corresponding to the six broad dimensions of governance listed above.


For each of these clusters we then use a statistical methodology known as an Unobserved Components Model to

(i) standardize the data from these very diverse sources into comparable units,

(ii) construct an aggregate indicator of governance as a weighted average of the underlying source variables, and

(iii) construct margins of error that reflect the unavoidable imprecision in measuring governance.

 

The rest of this paper is organized as follows.

In the next section we discuss the definition of governance that motivates the six broad indicators that we construct.

Section 3 describes the source data on governance perceptions on which the WGI project is based.

Section 4 provides details on the statistical methodology used to construct the aggregate indicators, and

Section 5 offers a guide to interpreting the data.

Section 6 contains a review of some of the main analytic issues in the construction and use of the WGI, and

Section 7 concludes………

 

RELATED CONTENT

Governance Matters 2010: Worldwide Governance Indicators Highlight Governance Successes, Reversals, and Failures

Daniel Kaufmann

Governance Matters 2009: Learning From Over a Decade of the Worldwide Governance Indicators

Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi

Governance Matters VIII: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators, 1996-2008

Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi


 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
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[EQ] How can telehealth help in the provision of integrated care?

How can telehealth help in the provision of integrated care?

Karl A. Stroetmann, Lutz Kubitschke, Simon Robinson, Veli Stroetmann, Kevin Cullen, David McDaid

Policy Brief 13 - Health Systems and Policy Analysis

World Health Organization 2010 and World Health Organization
on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies 2010

Available online PDF [39p.] at: http://bit.ly/a7xW7T

“…..The quest for more integrated care is not itself new, but new opportunities for effective realisation have emerged quite recently. In particular, the appropriate application of advanced ICT can make a major contribution towards achieving this goal.


Telehealth, the provision of care at a distance, is certain to be a key component in future ICT infrastructure for integrated care. It has already raised high hopes among policy makers with regard to its potential for delivering solutions for  growing capacity problems. For integrated care, today's segregated telehealth applications still require linking into more comprehensive eHealth strategies, in which clinical pathways and service delivery processes are fully coordinated and patient data safely shared.


Although few instances of routine application have yet emerged in Europe or elsewhere – in contrast with an enormous breadth of research activities – an increasingly solid evidence base is emerging indicating that telehealth can be used effectively to help support better integrated care, in particular for those with long-term chronic conditions….”

Content:

Key messages

Executive summary

Policy brief

Health policy context and current use of telehealth

What do we know about the benefits and effectiveness of telehealth?

Policy options to help foster use of  telehealth as a support to integrated care systems

Identifying alternative ways of  bringing about change

Summary and outlook

References

 

 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
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