Health Equity: 02/04/11

Friday, February 4, 2011

[EQ] National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index - in serum total cholesterol - in systolic blood pressure since 1980 - The Lancet

The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 4 February 2011doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62037-5

National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980:
systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9·1 million participants

Mariel M Finucane AB a *, Gretchen A Stevens DSc e *, Melanie J Cowan MPH f, Goodarz Danaei MD b, John K Lin AB c, Christopher J Paciorek PhD g, Gitanjali M Singh PhD c, Hialy R Gutierrez BS h, Yuan Lu MSc c, Adil N Bahalim MEng h, Farshad Farzadfar MD c, Leanne M Riley MSc f, Prof Majid Ezzati PhD c d i j , on behalf of the Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group (Body Mass Index)†

Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and WHO.

Website: http://bit.ly/dIW74X

"……Excess bodyweight is a major public health concern. However, few worldwide comparative analyses of long-term trends of body-mass index (BMI) have been done, and none have used recent national health examination surveys. We estimated worldwide trends in population mean BMI.

National, regional, and global trends in serum total cholesterol since 1980:
systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 321 country-years and 3·0 million participants

Farshad Farzadfar MD a *, Mariel M Finucane AM b *, Goodarz Danaei MD c, Pamela M Pelizzari ScB e, Melanie J Cowan MPH f, Christopher J Paciorek PhD b h, Gitanjali M Singh PhD a, John K Lin AB a, Gretchen A Stevens DSc g, Leanne M Riley MSc f, Prof Majid Ezzati PhD a d i j , on behalf of the Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group (Cholesterol)†

Website: http://bit.ly/dIW74X

"…..Data for trends in serum cholesterol are needed to understand the effects of its dietary, lifestyle, and pharmacological determinants; set intervention priorities; and evaluate national programmes. Previous analyses of trends in serum cholesterol were limited to a few countries, with no consistent and comparable global analysis. We estimated worldwide trends in population mean serum total cholesterol…."

National, regional, and global trends in systolic blood pressure since 1980:
systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 786 country-years and 5·4 million participants

Goodarz Danaei MD a *, Mariel M Finucane AM b *, John K Lin AB c *, Gitanjali M Singh PhD c *, Christopher J Paciorek PhD b e, Melanie J Cowan MPH f, Farshad Farzadfar MD c, Gretchen A Stevens DSc g, Stephen S Lim PhD h, Leanne M Riley MSc f, Prof Majid Ezzati PhD c d i j , on behalf of the Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group (Blood Pressure)†

Website: http://bit.ly/gAnvw5

"….Data for trends in blood pressure are needed to understand the effects of its dietary, lifestyle, and pharmacological determinants; set intervention priorities; and evaluate national programmes. However, few worldwide analyses of trends in blood pressure have been done. We estimated worldwide trends in population mean systolic blood pressure (SBP)…."

'Tsunami' Of Obesity Worldwide: Study.

"A 'tsunami of obesity' is unfurling across the world, resulting in a near-doubling of the numbers of dangerously overweight adults since 1980, doctors warned on Friday. More than half a billion men and women – nearly one in nine of all adults – are clinically obese, according to research by a team from Imperial College London, Harvard and the World Health Organization (WHO). In 2008, the latest year for which statistics were available, nearly one woman in seven and one man in 10 was obese, it found…." [Agence France Presse/Factiva]

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[EQ] World Migration Report 2010 - The Future of Migration: Building Capacities for Change

World Migration Report 2010
The Future of Migration: Building Capacities for Change

International Organization for Migration - Geneva Switzerland, 2010

Available online [PDF 295p.] at: http://bit.ly/eRpfUo

“……Ten years ago when we published our first World Migration Report 2000 there were 150 million migrants. Now, the number of migrants has grown to 214 million, and the figure could rise to 405 million by 2050, as a result of growing demographic disparities, the effects of environmental change, new global political and economic dynamics, technological revolutions and social networks.

In response to these trends, many States are likely to need to invest in developing their migration management capacities. Already, many States report that they require assistance to develop the capabilities to respond to a diverse range of new migration challenges.

Part A focuses on identifying core capacities in key areas of migration management. The aim is not to prescribe ‘one-size-fits-all’ policies and practices, but to suggest objectives of migration management policies in each area, to stimulate thinking and provide examples of what States and other actors can do.

Part B draws on the most up-to-date data to provide overviews of global and regional migration and remittances trends. In recognition of the importance of the largest global economic recession since the 1930s, this section has a particular focus on the effects of this crisis on migrants, migration and remittances…..”

Content

Building capacities for change

1. The global outlook for migration

2. Capacity-building

3. Labour mobility

3.1 Determining policy goals

3.2 Assessing labour and skills shortages

3.3 Regulating admissions and selecting migrant workers

3.4 Determining conditions attached to employment permits

3.5 Training of migrant workers and placement services

3.6 Protection of migrant workers’ rights

3.7 Reducing labour migration costs

3.8 Strengthening and implementing bilateral labour mobility agreements

3.9 Return and reintegration

3.10 Implementation

4. Irregular migration

4.1 Better data on irregular migration

4.2 Law-enforcement strategies

4.3 Regularization

4.4 Detention and return

4.5 Regulating migration and employment

4.6 Capacity-building in transit States

4.7 Combating migrant smuggling and human trafficking

4.8 Mixed flows

4.9 Information campaigns

4.10 Partnerships and cooperation

5. Migration and development

5.1 Mainstreaming migration in development plans

5.2 Optimizing formal remittance flows

5.3 Enhancing the developmental impacts of remittances

5.4 Engaging diasporas

5.5 Consolidating knowledge networks

5.6 Strengthening the links between return and development

5.7 Promoting circular migration

5.8 Training to retain

5.9 Ethical recruitment policies

5.10 Institutional capacity-building

6. Integration

6.1 Strengthening economic participation

6.2 Encouraging civic participation among migrants

6.3 Simplifying rules on citizenship, nationality and dual nationality

6.4 Family migration

6.5 Managing temporary migration

6.6 Promoting migrant education

6.7 Strengthening anti-discrimination policies and practices

6.8 Promoting migrant health

6.9 Fostering public dialogue

6.10 Mainstreaming integration across government

7. Environmental change

7.1 Establishing a better evidence base

7.2 Disaster risk reduction

7.3 Developing adaptation strategies

7.4 Preparing evacuation plans

7.5 Filling gaps in the legal and normative framework

7.6 Implementing national laws and policies on internal displacement

7.7 Amending national immigration laws and policies

7.8 Establishing proactive resettlement policies

7.9 Providing humanitarian assistance

7.10 Planning for return and resettlement

8. Migration governance

8.1 Developing a national migration policy

8.2 Strengthening migration management at the national level

8.3 Coordinated policymaking and implementation

8.4 The need for better research and data

8.5 Policy evaluation

8.6 Developing urban governance

8.7 Engagement with the private sector

8.8 An enhanced role for civil society

8.9 Effective RCPs and cooperation between regional processes

8.10 Addressing the need for more coherent global governance

9. Next steps

Checklist of core capacities in international migration

An overview of international migration trends

Internally displaced persons

Refugees

Health migration

Student mobility

Irregular migration

Environment

References

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
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[EQ] UK: The Migrant Health Guide

Migrant Health Guide

Health Protection Agency HPA UK 2010- http://bit.ly/dEFVcw

“’ ……….The Migrant Health Guide is intended to be a "one stop shop" for information to support GPs and nurses in assessing and treating migrant patients, in recognition of the fact that these patients sometimes have health needs which are more complex than those of UK born patients.

•There are over 100 countries profiled in the Migrant Health Guide, selected based on their disease epidemiology and UK census ranking. Topic pages on each infectious disease are included to guide practitioners in diagnosis and management according to national guidelines.
•The resource is free to use and practitioners are encouraged to register with the site so that they can be alerted when there are significant changes to the resource of issues that they should be aware of in relation to migrant health………..”

Although the HPA has a primary focus on communicable diseases, the resource has been designed to cover a wide range of health issues. It concentrates on the additional health concerns that should be considered for a migrant patient rather than explicitly covering areas familiar to practitioners from their work with UK born patients.

It is organised into four main sections;

· General information; with information and resources on areas such as language interpretation services, cultural competence and understanding, entitlements to NHS care, spirituality, religion and health beliefs, and vulnerable migrants.

· Countries A-Z; with pages specific to the individual countries of origin of migrants to the UK. Each country has five pages:

§ Country home; including background information, languages, religions and migration history.

§ Children's health

§ Infectious diseases

§ Nutritional/metabolic concerns

§ Women's health

· Health topics; divided into infectious diseases and other health concerns. Where available, patient resources in English and other languages are included on individual topics pages as well as other useful external links.

· Assessing migrant patients; with information and a checklist for assessing the health needs of new migrant patients as well as algorithms for assessing patients with symptoms.

The guide presents information in an easy-to-use format by displaying key messages that the busy practitioner can read quickly in a standard ten minute consultation. Increased levels of information and links to useful resources (e.g. printable patient information leaflets in a range of languages) are also available for those who require these. Much of the information on the resource can be found through searching multiple sources but this is the first time that all this information has been brought together in one place so that practitioners can easily access it when they need it….”