Health Equity: 07/26/11

Tuesday, July 26, 2011

[EQ] Toward a Healthy and Harmonious Life in China: Stemming the Rising Tide of Non-Communicable Diseases

Toward a Healthy and Harmonious Life in China:
Stemming the Rising Tide of Non-Communicable Diseases

Report launched in Beijing on July 26, 2011

This Report was prepared over December 2010–April 2011 by a World Bank team comprising:

Shiyong Wang (East Asia and Pacific Region, EASHD)

Patricio Marquez (Europe and Central Asia Region, ECSHD)

John Langenbrunner (EASHD)

Available online PDF [48p.] at: http://bit.ly/qEk8Fu

“…..The report discusses why priority attention to NCDs is now required in China, articulates what would constitute an effective NCD response, and proposes how to operationalize the response over the medium and longer terms.

The report provides compelling evidence on the economic and social consequences of this epidemic and suggests a range of policies and strategies to confront and prevent them.

As such, it aims to be a useful input for policy discussions and programmatic decisions to address this development threat in the fastest growing economy in the world. An effective response by China to address the NCD challenge in the years to come could be a powerful example that would significantly influence other countries. ….. “[Patricio Marquez]

“…….NCDs1 are China’s number one health threat. They account for over 80 percent of its 10.3 million annual deaths (10) and Figure 1 shows that they contribute to 68.6 percent of the total disease burden (11). The main NCDs in China are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs), and lung cancer. These conditions account for a significant share of the total NCD burden in China and share common, amendable behavioral and biological risk factors.

The report also advocates implementing “Health in All” policies and actions for a multisectoral response to NCDs in China to help achieve the ultimate goal of “harmonious” development and growth…………”

Contents

Foreword

1 Introduction

2 Why This Report?

3 China’s Rising NCD Epidemic: 2010–2030

3.1 Explosive Increase in the Number of People with at Least One NCD

3.2 Morbidity Makes Up the Bulk of the Burden Attributable to NCDs and about 50 Percent of That Burden Occurs in People under 65

3.3 NCD Mortality Is Higher in China Than in Other Leading G-20 Countries

4 Socioeconomic Determinants and Health Risk Factors for NCDs and Consequences In China

4.1 Growing Urbanization and Changes in Behavioral and Biological Factors

4.2 Over 50 Percent of the Increased NCD Burden Is Preventable by Modifying Behavioral Risks

4.3 Rapid Population Aging May Increase China’s NCD Burden by at Least 40 Percent by 2030 If the NCD Epidemic Is Not Controlled

4.4 NCDs Contribute to Inequalities in Health

4.5 Economic Impact of the NCD Burden

5 Role for Government on NCDs Prevention and Control

5.1 Economic Rationale Justifying Government Actions on NCDs

5.2 Confronting NCDs Effectively: A Litmus Test of China’s Health Sector Reform

6 Launching a Multisectoral Strategy for NCD Prevention and Control

6.1 Suggestions for Comprehensive and Effective NCD Strategies in China

6.2 What Actions to Take? From Governmental Policy to Program Implementation

6.3 Addressing Information Gaps

7 The Way Forward

References

Map IBRD

Beijing - July 26, 2011 English version:

Key message:
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/2011/07/26/toward-health-harmonious-life-china-stemming-rising-tide-of-non-communicable-diseases

Press release:
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/2011/07/26/growing-epidemic-of-heart-attacks-strokes-cancer-diabetes-threatens-china-economic-and-social-well-being

op-ed:
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/2011/07/26/rising-ailments-growing-threat

video:
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/2011/07/26/interview-with-shiyong-wang-and-patricio-marquez

Beijing - July 26, 2011 Chinese version:

Key message:
http://www.shihang.org/zh/news/2011/07/26/toward-health-harmonious-life-china-stemming-rising-tide-of-non-communicable-diseases

Press release:
http://www.shihang.org/zh/news/2011/07/26/growing-epidemic-of-heart-attacks-strokes-cancer-diabetes-threatens-china-economic-and-social-well-being

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[EQ] Evidence Links Increases In Public Health Spending To Declines In Preventable Deaths

Evidence Links Increases In Public Health Spending To Declines In Preventable Deaths

Glen P. Mays, professor in and the chairman of the Department of Health Policy and Management at
the Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, in Little Rock.

Sharla A. Smith, research associate in the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.

Health Affairs - July 2011 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0196

Available online at: http://bit.ly/p61EgM

“…..Public health encompasses a broad array of programs designed to prevent the occurrence of disease and injury within communities. But policy makers have little evidence to draw on when determining the value of investments in these program activities, which currently account for less than 5 percent of US health spending. We examine whether changes in spending by local public health agencies over a thirteen-year period contributed to changes in rates of community mortality from preventable causes of death, including infant mortality and deaths due to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.

We found that mortality rates fell between 1.1 percent and 6.9 percent for each 10 percent increase in local public health spending. These results suggest that increased public health investments can produce measurable improvements in health, especially in low-resource communities. However, more money by itself is unlikely to generate significant and sustainable health gains; improvements in public health practices are needed as well….”

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[EQ] A Pocket Guide to Sustainable Development Governance

A Pocket Guide to Sustainable Development Governance

Stakeholder Forum - Earth Summit 2012 and the Commonwealth Secretariat – March 2011

Available online PDF [137p.] at: http://bit.ly/oKF5FU

“…..This guide has been initiated by Stakeholder Forum and the Commonwealth Secretariat in response to the perceived ‘knowledge gap’ on the history and dynamics of global governance for sustainable development.

As the ‘institutional framework for sustainable development’ has been Development (UNCSD 2012), it is hoped that this guide will provide the necessary background information on global sustainable development governance to allow both governmental and non-governmental stakeholders to familiarize themselves with the key issues more comprehensively.

The topic of ‘sustainable development governance’ is potentially vast, as governance touches almost all decisions and policy considerations at all levels.

To make this guide manageable and accessible, we have tried to contain the number of issues addressed, and have divided the guide into four distinct sections

• Concepts

• Global Institutions

• Reform Proposals for Sustainable Development Governance

• Processes for Sustainable Development Governance

The Dawn of Sustainable Development

Since the UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in 1972, the reach of sustainable development governance has expanded considerably at local, national, regional and international levels. The Stockholm Conference led to the establishment of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), as well as the creation of a plethora of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs).

A further and significant milestone in the conceptualisation of sustainable development was the 1987 Brundtland Report (Our Common Future) which was published by Gro Harlem Brundtland, the then Prime Minister of Norway.

This gave the most definitive and well used explanation of sustainable development, as:

“..development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” 2

Edited by Hannah Stoddart

Contributing Authors: Kirsty Schneeberger, Felix Dodds, Andrew Shaw, Milena Bottero, Jack Cornforth, Robert White

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[EQ] Brazils conception of South-South - structural cooperation- in health

Brazil's conception of South-South "structural cooperation" in health

Celia Almeida – Senior Researcher and Professor of the 'Sergio Arouca' National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (ENSP/Fiocruz).
Director of the Fiocruz Regional Office for Africa, Maputo, Mozambique. Research Productivity Scholarship from the CNPq

Rodrigo Pires de Campos, Fiocruz Representation in Brasília.

Paulo Buss, Professor and senior researcher of the ESNP/ Fiocruz. Director of Fiocruz Centre for International Relations in Health (CRIS/Fiocruz).
Ex−President of the Fiocruz. Full Member of the Brazilian National Academy of Medicine.

José Roberto Ferreira, Doctor Honoris Causa of the ENSP/Fiocruz. Chief of the Fiocruz International Cooperation Division, from the CRIS/Fiocruz.

Luiz Eduardo Fonseca, Advisor to the CRIS/Fiocruz.

DOI: 10.3395/reciis.v4i1.343en
RECIIS – R. Eletr. de Com. Inf. Inov. Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, v.4, n.1, p.23-32, Mar., 2010

Available online PDF [10p.] at: http://bit.ly/ppIK9X

"…..At the dawn of the new millennium, not only have poor countries' health needs not diminished, but they seem to have worsened due to a complex interplay among many factors that result in huge inequities within and between countries.

This critical situation calls international development cooperation into question once again and prompts new thinking. In this process, South-South cooperation has steadily gained importance. At the start of the 21st century, international – particularly South-South – cooperation has come to occupy a strategic place in Brazilian foreign policy, and health is a priority item on this agenda.

This paper examines the Brazilian conception of horizontal "structural cooperation in health". It presents a brief historical review of international development cooperation and health cooperation, explores the concept of "structural cooperation in health", and discusses the Brazilian proposal formulated over the past decade and its implementation to date.

This Brazilian approach centers on the concept of "capacity building for development", but innovates in two respects:
- by integrating human resource development with organisational and institutional development and
- by breaking with the traditional passive transfer of knowledge and technology.

It is still early to evaluate its impact, but this cooperation has been implemented on the basis of five interrelated strategic, political and technical considerations: (a) priority for horizontal cooperation;
(b) focus on developing health capabilities;
(c) coordinated initiatives in the regional context;
(d) strong involvement of health ministers in building strategic and political consensus; and
(e) encouraging partnership between ministries of health and foreign relations….."

Vol. 4, No 1- Saúde Global e Diplomacia da Saúde/Global Health and Health Diplomacy

Table of Contents at: http://bit.ly/osVVdm

Editorial - Célia Almeida

Original Articles

The world system, South America, Africa, and "Emerging Powers" -

José Luís Fiori

Brazil: a cordial power? Brazilian diplomacy in the early 21st century -

Carlos Vidigal

International cooperation: an essential component of international relations -

Eiiti Sato

Global Health Diplomacy -
Ilona Kickbusch, Chantal Berger

Critical essay on international cooperation in health -

Paulo Marchiori Buss, José Roberto Ferreira

Brazil's conception of South-South "structural cooperation" in health -

Célia Almeida, Rodrigo Pires de Campos, Paulo Buss, José Roberto Ferreira, Luiz Eduardo Fonseca

The role of international cooperation in establishing human rights: Brazil, the Portuguese-speaking African Countries and the right to health -

Marco Aurélio Antas Torronteguy

Health diplomacy and South-South cooperation: the experiences of UNASUR Salud and CPLP's Strategic Plan for Cooperation In Health -

Paulo Marchiori Buss, José Roberto Ferreira

PAHO-Brazil technical cooperation and the development of health human resources: historical paths and contemporary agendas -

Fernando A. Pires-Alves, Carlos Henrique Assunção Paiva, José Paranaguá de Santana, Diego Victoria Mejía

Human resources in the health sector of Portuguese-speaking African Countries: identical problems, cross-sectional solutions? -

Inês Fronteira, Gilles Dussault

Violence in the health care workplace: a theme for international cooperation in human resources in the health sector -

Augusto de Souza Campos, Célia Regina Pierantoni

Researches in Progress

National health care policies and international health care programs in a historical and comparative perspective -

Gilberto Hochman

Technological Advances

Experiences and lessons learned on capacity building in global health diplomacy -

Ilona Kickbusch, Chantal Berger

The Fiocruz experience in Global Health and Health Diplomacy capacity building: conceptual framework, curricular structure and first results -

Celia Almeida

Toward a methodology for the study of good practices in international health cooperation

Rodrigo Pires de Campos, Elaine Rabelo Neiva, Juliana Neves Santos, Túlio Mauro Gomes

Essays

Profile of the Brazilian projects for technical cooperation on Aids in the world: a look into potential study hypotheses -
Thaísa Góis Farias de Moura Santos Lima, Rodrigo Pires de Campos

Book Reviews

Comércio Internacional, Patentes e Saúde Pública; Monica Steffen Guise - Claudia Inês Chamas

O mito do colapso do poder americano; José Luís Fiori; Carlos Medeiros & Franklin Serrano - William Vella Nozaki

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"Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members".
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