Wednesday, October 29, 2008

[EQ] Performance-Based Contracting for Health Services in Developing Countries

Performance-Based Contracting for Health Services in Developing Countries

A Toolkit

 

2008 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank

 

Available online as PDF [226p.] at:

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTHSD/Resources/topics/415176-1216235459918/ContractingEbook.pdf

 

“….Performance-based contracting is a form of contracting that explicitly includes a clear defi nition of a series of objectives and indicators by which to measure contractor performance, collection of data on the performance indicators, and consequences for the contractor based on performance such as provision of rewards (such as performance bonuses or public recognition) or imposition of sanctions (such as termination of the contract or public criticism).

 

Many different types of health services have been contracted, including offering primary health care (PHC) services in rural or urban areas, providing HIV prevention services among high-risk groups, establishing health insurance systems, acting as an intermediary with many for-profit providers to strengthen the management of tuberculosis patients, managing hospitals, and operating diagnostic services within health facilities….”

 

 

Content:

1. Summary of the Toolkit

Background: What Is Performance-Based Contracting?

How to Contract

Whether to Contract

2. What Is Performance-Based Contracting?

Introduction

What Is Contracting?

What Is Performance-Based Contracting?

What Kinds of Health Services Can Be Contracted?

How Is Contracting Different from Other Approaches to Organizing Health Services?

What Approaches to Contracting Work Best in Common Situations?

How Is Contracting Related to Pay for Performance?

3. How to Contract

Step 1: Conduct Dialogue with Stakeholders

Step 2: Define the Services

Step 3: Design the Monitoring and Evaluation

Step 4: Decide How to Select Contractors and Establish the Price

Step 5: Arrange for Contract Management and Develop a Contract Plan

Step 6: Draft the Contract and Bidding Documents

Step 7: Carry Out the Bidding Process and Manage the Contract

 

4. Checklist for Contracting

5. Whether to Contract

The Evidence on Contracting / Methodology / Results / Discussion

Why Does Contracting Work?

What Are the Concerns about Contracting?

In What Context Will Contracting Work (or Not Work)?


Appendix A: Example of a Contracting Plan (or Manual) Strengthening Primary Health Care Services in Country X

Appendix B: World Bank Procurement Approach to Contracting for Health Services

Appendix C: Description of Evaluated Contracting Experiences

Appendix D: Terms of Reference for a Third-Party Evaluation of the Contracting Effort in Country X

Appendix E: Terms of Reference Examples

References /Index

 

 

 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
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[EQ] Population tobacco control interventions and their effects on social inequalities in smoking

Population tobacco control interventions and their effects on social inequalities in smoking

 

Debra Fayter1; Caroline Main1; Kate Misso1; David Ogilvie2; Mark Petticrew3; Amanda Sowden1

Lisa Stirk1; Sian Thomas2; Margaret Whitehead4; Gillian Worthy1

1 Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), University of York.

2 MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (MRC SPHSU), University of Glasgow.

3 Public and Environmental Health Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

4 Department of Public Health, University of Liverpool.


Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, CRD Report 39. York: University of York. 2008

 

Available online as PDF file  [322p.] at: http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/CRD_Reports/crdreport39.pdf

 

Reducing social inequalities in smoking and its health consequences is a public-health and political priority: the Department of Health has a specific target to reduce the prevalence of smoking in „manual groups from 32% to 26% by 2015. Although the extent and causes of health inequalities have been extensively researched, we know remarkably little about the actual effects of measures to reduce such inequalities in general or about the differential impacts of tobacco control measures in particular. It is possible that a strategy which successfully reduces smoking in the population overall might widen inequalities if its benefits

are concentrated among the better-off.

 

The overall aims of this project were:

To synthesise the best available evidence about the differential effects of population tobacco control interventions on groups with different sociodemographic characteristics

To assess which interventions are likely to be effective in reducing smoking related health inequalities and to identify reasons why other interventions may be ineffective, attempting to answer the questions: What works? What might work? For whom? In what contexts?

 

To extend systematic review methods by integrating existing, related systematic reviews and the primary studies included in those reviews into a new systematic review, taking a broad view of the types of evidence which are available in seeking to answer a policy-relevant question, and To identify where evidence is lacking and to suggest areas where further primary or secondary research is required.


The project comprised two parts. Part 1 is a review of existing systematic reviews and Part 2 is a new systematic review of primary studies.

 

Content:


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

BACKGROUND


PART 1 : A REVIEW OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS

TABLES & FIGURES

Figure 1 Quality assessment of included reviews

Table 1 Selected characteristics of included reviews

APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Search strategy and terms

Appendix 2 Quality assessment of the nineteen reviews included in the review of reviews

Appendix 3 Primary studies included in the nineteen systematic reviews

Appendix 4 Map of primary studies included in more than one systematic review

Appendix 5 Data extraction tables


PART 2: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

1. Introduction

2. Methods

2.1 Search methods

2.2 Inclusion/exclusion criteria

2.3 Data extraction and quality assessment

2.4 Data synthesis

2.5 Additional data

2.6 Advisory panel

3. Results

3.1 Effects of restrictions on smoking in workplaces and public places

3.2 Effects of restrictions on smoking in schools

3.3 Effects of restrictions on sales to minors

3.4 Effects of health warnings on tobacco products

3.5 Effects of restrictions on advertising of tobacco products

3.6 Effects of price of tobacco products on adults

3.7 Effects of price on young people

3.8 Effects of multi-faceted interventions

3.9. Overall Matrix for all included interventions

4. Discussion and conclusions

4.1 Findings and implications

4.2 Strengths and weaknesses of the review

4.3 Limitations of the evidence

4.4 Unanswered questions and future research

References

FIGURES

APPENDICES

Appendix A Search strategy

Appendix B List of included studies by intervention category

Appendix C List of studies excluded from the systematic review

Appendix D Data extraction tables

Appendix E Table of study suitability and quality

Appendix F Table indicating evidence for social gradient in effectiveness

Appendix G Advisory panel

 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMS Area]

"Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members".

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[EQ] In Spanish: El estado de la salud sexual y repr oductiva en Am=?iso-8859-1?Q?=E9rica_Latina_y_el_Caribe:_una_visi=F3n?= g lobal

El estado de la salud sexual y reproductiva en América Latina y el Caribe:
una visión global

 

Carmen Elisa Flórez, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá

Victoria Eugenia Soto. Université Catholique de Louvain

Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department - Working paper series; 632 - 2008

 

Available online PDF [61p.] at: http://www.iadb.org/res/publications/pubfiles/pubWP-632_esp.pdf

 

“….Este documento resume el estado de la salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) en algunos países de América Latina y el Caribe, usando las encuestas de

Demografía y Salud para seleccionar países de acuerdo con la etapa de la transición demográfica en que se encuentran. Los resultados indican avances en

algunas dimensiones, siendo la situación mucho más favorable en los países de fecundidad baja y en los grupos de mayor nivel social. Sin embargo, aún se

presentan vacíos importantes, especialmente en los países de transición rezagada.

 

La evidencia sugiere que la falta de información y de acceso a los servicios de SSR, al igual que la existencia de barreras sociales y culturales, limitan el

ejercicio pleno de la vida SR de las mujeres de los países de fecundidad alta y grupos menos favorecidos….”

 

“…El documento está organizado en 5 secciones, la primera es una introducción. En la segunda sección se resume la evolución histórica del concepto de salud sexual y reproductiva y se plantea su relación con el bienestar. En la tercera sección, se analizan algunos de los indicadores de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva, como son la fecundidad global, la fecundidad adolescente, el conocimiento y uso de métodos de planificación familiar y los servicios de salud materna. La cuarta sección se centra en algunos determinantes socio-culturales del uso de métodos de planificación familiar. En la última sección se presentan algunas reflexiones sobre el estado de la salud sexual y reproductiva en ALC en cuanto a su relación con la calidad de vida/bienestar de la población….”

 

 

 

 *      *     *

This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMS Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.

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Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html

 

 

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.