IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND BIOENERGY ON NUTRITION
Marc J. Cohen, Food Consumption and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Cristina Tirado, Consultant, IFPRI,
Noora-Lisa Aberman, IFPRI, and Brian Thompson, Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division, FAO.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Climate Change and Bioenergy: Implications for Nutrition, Food Safety and Human Healt- High-Level Conference on World Food Security: The Challenges of Climate Change and Bioenergy, on June 2008 in
Jointly written by teams from FAO and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Available online PDF [91p.] at: http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/agns/files/HLC2_Food_Safety_Bioenergy_Climate_Change.pdf
Food security has four dimensions: food availability, access to food, stability of supply and access and safe and healthy food utilization.
Food security is a key factor in good nutrition, along with health, sanitation and care practices.
The paper begins by laying out the current state of global food insecurity and malnutrition, including magnitude, trends and future projections. The causes, consequences and costs of food insecurity and malnutrition are explored. Malnutrition is clearly a severe impediment to sustainable development and human security as it slows down economic growth and the achievement of equity. The paper briefly lays out a number of factors besides climate change, bioenergy and rising prices that will likely contribute to malnutrition in the future.
The paper then explores the implications of climate change and rising bioenergy demand for nutrition. Agricultural activities contribute to climate change, but can also play an important role in adaptation and mitigation strategies, as well as in boosting food availability.
Next, the paper examines the direct nutrition effects of rising bioenergy demand, as well as its contribution to rising food prices. It also discusses potential strategies for cultivation of bioenergy crops that can contribute to poverty reduction, food security and sustainable natural resource management. A chapter on policy implications provides a number of options for improving food security and nutrition, as well as for addressing the links between climate change and bioenergy demand on the one hand and nutrition on the other. The paper concludes with recommendations.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Summary
2. Introduction
3. World Food Insecurity and Malnutrition: Scope, Trends, Causes and Consequences
Dimensions of the Nutrition Problem
Causations and Linkages: Conceptual and Analytical Frameworks
Future Challenges and Major Issues and Risks
4. Climate Change, Food Security and Nutrition
Overview of Climate Change – Evidence for and Potential Effects
Climate Change Impacts on the Human and Global Environment
Impacts on the Four Food Security Deminsions: Availability,
Stability, Access and Utilization
Global Climate Change Impacts on Food and Water Security, Hunger and Nutrition
Climate Change and Sustainable Development
Social Impacts of Climate Change
Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies
5. Nutrition and Bioenergy
Overview
Nutrition Impacts
Mitigation of Negative Impacts on Biofuels
6. Policies and Programmes for Improving Nutrition
International Initiatives
Policies and Programmes
Priorities and Approaches for Responding to Threats to Nutrition from
Climate Change and Biofuel Demand
7. Conclusions and Recommendations
Responding to Climate Change70
Assuring Pro-Poor and Sustainable Biofuel Development
Making Nutrition a Development Priority
8. References
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