Intellectual Property and Developing Countries
A review of the literature
Emmanuel Hassan, Ohid Yaqub, Stephanie Diepeveen
Prepared for the
The RAND Corporation – 2010
Available online as PDF file at: http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/2010/RAND_TR804.pdf
The report is divided into five chapters corresponding to the areas proposed by the Intellectual Property Office IPO. Each chapter reviews the theoretical arguments and empirical evidence for and against strong intellectual property rights in developing countries from the perspective of both developed and developing countries. The report concludes with a discussion of the knowledge gaps that exist in the literature and suggests directions for future research
Executive summary
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
Main findings from past research
Intellectual property rights, foreign direct investment and international trade
Intellectual property rights, international technology transfer and domestic innovation
Intellectual property rights and public health
Intellectual property rights, genetic resources and traditional knowledge
Future research directions
Intellectual property rights, foreign direct investment, trade and licensing
Intellectual property rights, international technology transfer and domestic innovation
Intellectual property rights and public health
Intellectual property rights, genetic resources and traditional knowledge
CHAPTER 2 Intellectual property and foreign direct investment
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Intellectual property and foreign direct investment: the theory
2.2.1 The case for stronger intellectual property rights
2.2.2 The case against stronger intellectual property rights
2.3 Intellectual property and foreign direct investment: the empirical evidence
2.3.1 Evidence from the perspective of developed countries
2.3.2 Evidence from the perspective of developing countries
2.4 Conclusions and future research directions
CHAPTER 3 Intellectual property and trade
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Intellectual property and trade: the theory
3.2.1 The case for stronger intellectual property rights
3.2.2 The case against stronger intellectual property rights
3.3 Intellectual property and trade: the empirical evidence
3.3.1 Evidence from the perspective of developed countries
3.3.2 Evidence from the perspective of developing countries
3.4 Conclusions and future research directions
CHAPTER 4 Intellectual property and innovation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Intellectual property rights and innovation: the theory
4.2.1 The case for stronger intellectual property rights
4.2.2 The case against stronger intellectual property rights
4.3 Intellectual property and innovation: the empirical evidence
4.3.1 Evidence on international technology transfer
4.3.2 Evidence on domestic innovation
4.4 Conclusions and future research directions
CHAPTER 5 Intellectual property and public health
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The importance of patents for pharmaceutical innovation
5.3 Intellectual property rights and access to innovations
5.3.1 Patents are taken out only in selected countries
5.3.2 Accessing healthcare innovations by lowering prices
5.4 Intellectual property rights and innovation for health
5.4.1 Limits in using intellectual property rights to address developing country problems
5.4.2 Creating conditions for more effective intellectual property policy
5.5 Conclusions and further research directions
CHAPTER 6 Intellectual property, genetic resources and traditional knowledge
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Intellectual property, traditional knowledge and genetic resources: the theory
6.2.1 An emerging field of research
6.2.2 Assumptions about the nature of traditional knowledge
6.2.3 Human rights discourse
6.3 Intellectual property, genetic resources and traditional knowledge: the empirical evidence
6.3.1 Evidence from the perspective of developed countries
6.3.2 Evidence from the perspective of developing countries
6.4 Conclusions and further research directions
CHAPTER 7 Conclusion
References
Appendix: International patent protection – 1960–2005
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