[EQ] Natural Disasters: What is the Role for Social Safety Nets?

Natural Disasters: What is the Role for Social Safety Nets?

Larissa Pelham, Edward Clay, Tim Braunholz

February 2011- Discussion Paper No. 1102

Social Protection and Labor – The World Bank

Available online PDF [148p.]  at: http://bit.ly/dStDzX

“…..This paper makes the case for why safety nets are an important tool for managing the risk of natural hazards. The use of safety nets is advocated both ex ante, to prevent and mitigate the impact of natural disaster and ex post, to cope with the impacts of natural shocks.

 

Firstly, the paper explores the implications of contextual factors to be taken into account in the design of an effective safety net system to respond to the needs generated by natural disasters. Learning from the responses to a number of recent natural disasters, a typology of the different types of natural hazards which require different approaches to reduce their risk is introduced.

 

Secondly, the paper considers some “guidelines” for improving the design and implementation of safety nets either to prevent and/or to recover from natural disasters.

 

Finally, some conclusions and recommendations for more effective safety net and suggestions for addressing key issues are outlined…….”

Table of Contents

SUMMARY

1 INTRODUCTION

2 THE ROLE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN RESPONDING TO NATURAL DISASTERS

3 THE IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING THE PRE-EXISTING CONTEXT: LESSONS LEARNED

3.1 DEFINING THE NARRATIVE

3.2 THE POLITICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT

3.3 THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT

3.4 THE SOCIAL CONTEXT

3.5 FULL INFORMATION: DATA COLLECTION AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS

3.6 THE POLICY ARENA AND INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT

4 EX ANTE PREPAREDNESS

4.1 FLOOD AND CYCLONE RESPONSE IN BANGLADESH: THE IMPORTANCE OF AN EX ANTE DISASTER RISK RESPONSE STRATEGY

4.2 SCALING UP SAFETY NETS IN ETHIOPIA

4.3 IMPLEMENTING SOCIAL SAFETY NETS EX ANTE: LESSONS LEARNED

5 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY NET PROGRAMS

5.1 SELECTING THE IMPLEMENTING AGENT

5.2 CHOOSING THE TYPE OF INSTRUMENT

5.2.1 Cash, in-kind or vouchers?

5.2.2 Public works/workfare and other conditional transfers

5.3 ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE GROUPS AND THE COMMUNITY

5.4 TARGETING

5.5 SIZE, FREQUENCY OF THE TRANSFER AND DELIVERY

5.6 INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION

5.7 FROM DEVELOPMENT TO RELIEF TO RECOVERY

5.7.1 Planning

5.7.2 Scaling up and the transition from short- to long-term assistance

5.7.3 Military disengagement and foreign assistance

5.8 FINANCING

5.8.1 Social funds

5.8.2 National Disaster Management Funds

5.8.3 Private sector financing and other mechanisms

5.8.4 Multilateral donor funds

5.9 THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT

 

6 CONCLUSION

6.1 WHY SAFETY NETS FOR RESPONDING TO NATURAL DISASTERS?

6.2 KEY ISSUES TO APPROACH, DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT SAFETY NETS FOR NATURAL DISASTERS

6.3 KEY ISSUES FOR THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY NETS FOR NATURAL DISASTERS

 

REFERENCES

 

ANNEX I CASE STUDIES

AI.1 BANGLADESH: CYCLONE SIDR, NOVEMBER 2007

AI.2 ETHIOPIA: THE 2008 FOOD EMERGENCY

AI.3 PAKISTAN: EARTHQUAKE, OCTOBER 2005

AI.4 INDONESIA: TSUNAMI, DECEMBER 2004

AI.5 NIGER: DROUGHT AND FOOD CRISIS, 2005

ANNEX II TARGETING MECHANISMS: STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

ANNEX III SUMMARY OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

ANNEX IV PROFILES OF SAFETY NETS FOR NATURAL DISASTERS, 2000-2008

ANNEX V SOME GUIDANCE FOR IMPLEMENTING SOCIAL SAFETY NETS EX ANTE

ANNEX VI LESSONS LEARNED: CONTEXTUAL ISSUES

ANNEX VII SUMMARY OF SAFETY NET DESIGN ISSUES

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