Social determinants of health: the environmental dimension
The Lancet, Volume 379, Issue 9817, Page 686, 25 February 2012
Website: http://bit.ly/xfxoNk
“……The concept of environmental health might typically conjure up images of people living in smog-filled cities, or by contaminated rivers or overflowing landfill sites. However, it also concerns the spaces in which people most frequently inhabit: their homes and workplaces.
Furthermore, the conditions in which people live and work can vary according to factors such as income, occupation, education, and ethnicity, and lead to inequalities in exposure to environmental risks and related diseases…..”
Environmental health inequalities in
Assessment report
WHO European Centre for Environment and Health,
WHO Regional Office for
Available online PDF [212p.] at: http://bit.ly/xA9tmV
“…..Recent debate on the social determinants of health has indicated that the unequal distribution of health and well-being in national populations is a major challenge for public health governance. This is equally true for environmental health conditions and for exposure to environmental risk, which varies strongly by a range of sociodemographic determinants and thus causes inequalities in exposure to – and potentially in disease resulting from – environmental conditions.
Interventions tackling such environmental health inequalities need to be based on an assessment of their magnitude and on the identification of population groups that are most exposed or most vulnerable to environmental risks. However, data to quantify the environmental health inequality situation are not abundant, making comprehensive assessments difficult at both national and international levels.
WHO Regional Office for
CONTENT
Executive summary
Introduction
Chapter 1. The concept of environmental health inequalities
A historic perspective
Inequality and inequity
Identification and assessment of inequalities and inequities
Environmental health inequality: hazard and risk
Sociodemographic factors, exposure and vulnerability
The psychosocial dimension in environmental health inequality
Framing the problem
Chapter 2. Housing-related inequalities
Data and methods
Inequalities in inadequate water supply
Inequalities in lack of a flush toilet in the dwelling
Inequalities in lack of a bath or shower in the dwelling
Inequalities in overcrowding
Inequalities in dampness in the home
Inequalities in keeping the home adequately warm
Inequalities in keeping the home adequately cool
Chapter 3. Injury-related inequalities
Inequalities in work-related injuries
Inequalities in fatal road traffic injuries (RTIs)
Inequalities in fatal poisoning
Inequalities in fatal falls
Chapter 4. Environment-related inequalities
Inequalities in noise exposure at home
Inequalities in lack of access to recreational or green areas
Inequalities in second-hand smoke exposure at home
Inequalities in second-hand smoke exposure at work
Chapter 5. Gaps in evidence and restrictions on assessing environmental health inequalities
Missing data
Limited stratification by sociodemographic determinants
Data quality
Consistency and comparability
Access to data
Cumulative and multiple exposures
Country priorities
Data gaps and relevance for public health
Chapter 6. Priorities for action on environmental health inequalities
Suggested subregional priorities for action
Suggested priorities for national action
Conclusion
Annex 1. National environmental health inequality fact sheets
Annex 2. Examples of national practices in analysis and presentation of environmental health inequalities
Annex 3. Assessment of priority areas for national action
* * *
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues. [DD/ KMC Area]
“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO Website
Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho
IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended
recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or
confidential information. If you are not the intended
recipient or a person responsible for delivering this
transmission to the intended recipient, you may not
disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take
any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission
in error, please dispose of and delete this transmission.
Thank you.
No comments:
Post a Comment