Global Atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control
CVDs Joint Publication of the World Health Organization the World Heart Federation Organization
editors: Shanthi Mendis, Pekka Puska and Bo Norrving
Available online PDF [164p] at: http://bit.ly/mUce0M
Lives Cut Short: New Report Reveals Divide between Rich and Poor Countries for Premature Cardiovascular Disease Deaths
Data provides a wake-up call for governments and individuals to take action against heart disease and stroke
The Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control also shows that by taking action to curb CVD risk, governments and individuals can reduce the health and socioeconomic burden caused by these diseases.1
“Heart disease and stroke, together with other cardiovascular diseases, are often wrongly seen as diseases of affluence, although they affect the poor as well as the rich,” said Dr Shanthi Mendis, Coordinator of CVD, World Health Organization. “The new Global Atlas data reveal that although death rates from CVD have been declining in high-income countries over the past two decades, they have increased at an astonishingly fast rate in low- and middle-income countries. Now is the time for us to invest in affordable health interventions to ensure that the world’s poorest people are not subject to the growing CVD burden in addition to communicable diseases.”
CVD remains the biggest cause of deaths worldwide. More than 17 million people died from CVD in 2008, with 82 per cent of deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. More than 3 million deaths occurred before the age of 60, many of which could have been prevented through the modification of risk factors: tobacco use, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption and strengthening primary care….”
Content:
Section A – Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) due to atherosclerosis 1
1. What are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)? 2
2. Death and disability due to CVDs (heart attacks and strokes) 8
3. The underlying pathology of heart attacks and strokes 14
4. Evidence for prevention of heart attacks and strokes 16
5. Reducing cardiovascular risk to prevent heart attacks and strokes 18
6. Tobacco: The totally avoidable risk factor of CVDs 26
7. Physical inactivity: A preventable risk factor of CVDs 28
8. Harmful use of alcohol: A preventable risk factor of CVDs 30
9. Unhealthy diet: A preventable risk factor of CVDs 32
10. Obesity: A risk factor of CVDs 36
11. Raised blood pressure (hypertension): A major risk factor of CVDs 38
12. Raised blood sugar (diabetes): A major risk factor of CVDs 40
13. Raised blood cholesterol: A major risk factor of CVDs 42
14. Social determinants and CVDs 44
15. Risk factors take root in the womb, childhood and youth 46
16. Heart attacks and strokes in women 48
17. Other determinants of CVDs: Ageing, globalization and urbanization 50
18. Inequities and CVDs 54
Section B – Other cardiovascular diseases 57
19. Cardiac arrhythmia 58
20. Congenital heart disease 60
21. Rheumatic heart disease: A neglected heart disease of the poor 62
22. Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis): A neglected disease of the poor
Section C – Prevention and control of CVDs: Policies, strategies and interventions 69
23. Prevention and control of CVDs: How do we know what works? 70
24. Prevention and control of CVDs: The need for integrated and complimentary strategies 72
25. Prevention and control of CVDs: Health in All Policies 74
26. Prevention and control of CVDs: The need for a national NCD policy framework 76
27. Policies and strategies for tobacco control 78
28. Policies and strategies to facilitate healthy eating 80
29. Policies and strategies to facilitate physical activity 84
30. Policies and strategies to address the harmful use of alcohol 88
31. Individual interventions for prevention and control of CVDs 92
32. Role of primary health care in prevention and control of CVDs 94
33. Best buys for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and control 96
34. Bridging the implementation gap for prevention and control of CVDs 100
35. Monitoring CVDs 102
36. Social mobilization for prevention and control of CVDs 104
37. Prevention and control of CVDs and socioeconomic development 106
38. Generating resources for CVD prevention and control 108
39. CVD prevention and control: Why it should not be ignored any longer? 110
40. CVD prevention and control : Vision, roadmap and a landmark event 114
References
Annexes
Annex i – World Health Assembly resolution A64/61
Annex ii – Moscow Declaration
Annex iii – Regional Declarations on NCDs
Annex iv – Contact information
Annex V – Age-standardized death rates per 100,000 both sexes by cause and
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